新疆天山山区植被变化对气象干旱的响应

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.536

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在全球气候变化背景下，研究干旱对植被的影响对于生态保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。利用2001—2023年的气象干旱综合指数（Meteorological drought composite index，MCI）和归一化植被指数（Normalized difference vegetation index，NDVI）数据，探讨了天山山区植被在生长季（4—10月）的时空动态特征，并揭示了其对气象干旱胁迫的响应机制。结果表明：（1）天山山区植被NDVI总体呈缓慢增加趋势，但自2019年起出现下降倾向。（2） MCI呈波动变化但总体表现出缓慢降低趋势，尤其自2020年之后，新疆天山山区的干旱情况明显加剧，特别是在夏季，干旱程度尤为严重，MCI大幅下降。（3） MCI与NDVI之间呈中等正相关关系，显示出气象干旱对植被生长具有显著影响，植被覆盖度呈现显著的季节性和空间异质性，而干旱程度则整体呈现出西部较轻、中部加剧、东部最重的趋势。（4）不同区域植被变化对气象干旱的响应存在差异，其中西南部的乌恰县气象干旱对植被覆盖度的影响最为显著。研究结果为理解天山山区气候变化、生态对气象干旱的响应以及制定干旱缓解策略提供了科学依据。

关键词: 植被变化, 气象干旱, 响应分析, 天山山区

Abstract:

Considering the global climate change trends, understanding the impact of drought on vegetation is crucial for ecological protection and sustainable development. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation and its response to meteorological drought within the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China during the growing season (April-October) for the period of 2001—2023. Using the meteorological drought composite index (MCI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), we examine the trends in vegetation dynamics and drought conditions. The results indicate the following. (1) The NDVI values in Tianshan Mountains exhibited a slow increasing trend overall; however, a decline was observed since 2019. (2) The MCI values fluctuated but generally exhibited a slow decreasing trend, with a significant intensification of drought conditions in Xinjiang’s Tianshan Mountains region since 2020, particularly in summer, when MCI values dropped sharply. (3) A moderate positive correlation between MCI and NDVI suggested that meteorological drought significantly affected vegetation growth. Vegetation coverage exhibited notable seasonal and spatial heterogeneity, while drought severity followed a gradient—mildest in the west, intensifying in the central region, and most severe in the east. (4) The vegetation response to meteorological drought varied across different regions, with the most pronounced impact observed in the Wuqia County in the southwest. The results provide a scientific foundation for understanding climate change in Tianshan Mountains, assessing ecological responses to meteorological drought, and formulating effective drought mitigation strategies.

Key words: vegetation change, meteorological drought, response analysis, Tianshan Mountains

吴秀兰, 程贺前, 佟欣怡, 张旭. 新疆天山山区植被变化对气象干旱的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(6): 985-994.

WU Xiulan, CHENG Heqian, TONG Xinyi, ZHANG Xu. Response of vegetation changes to meteorological drought in Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(6): 985-994.

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等级	类型	MCI
1	无旱	-0.5<MCI
2	轻旱	-1.0<MCI≤-0.5
3	中旱	-1.5<MCI≤-1.0
4	重旱	-2.0<MCI≤-1.5
5	特旱	MCI≤-2.0