中国西北干旱区植被水分利用效率变化对气象要素的响应——以新疆为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.545

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 1111-1120.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.545

中国西北干旱区植被水分利用效率变化对气象要素的响应——以新疆为例

高晓宇¹(),郝海超^2,³,张雪琪^1,⁴,陈亚宁⁴()

1.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
2.华东师范大学地理科学学院，上海 200241
3.华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室，上海 200241
4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2022-10-20 修回日期:2022-12-01 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-08-03
通讯作者: 陈亚宁（1958-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事水资源与地表过程研究. E-mail: chenyn@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:高晓宇（1977-），男，博士研究生，主要从事干旱区水资源与生态保护研究. E-mail: xiaoyugaoucas@126.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01E02);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRWZS-2019-3)

Responses of vegetation water use efficiency to meteorological factors in arid areas of northwest China: A case of Xinjiang

GAO Xiaoyu¹(),HAO Haichao^2,³,ZHANG Xueqi^1,⁴,CHEN Yaning⁴()

1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
3. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-10-20 Revised:2022-12-01 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-08-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水分利用效率（WUE）通过联系陆地生态系统碳水循环过程，成为理解植被生态系统对气候变化响应的一个重要指标。结合1990—2020年的遥感影像与再分析数据产品，基于光能利用效率（CASA）模型反演净初级生产力（NPP）和实际蒸散发（ET）系统分析了1990—2020年新疆植被WUE的时空变化规律，讨论并探究了影响植被WUE变化的驱动力因子。结果表明：过去31 a新疆植被WUE整体呈下降趋势，但以2003年为转折点，转折点之前呈波动下降趋势，之后呈波动上升趋势。31 a来新疆植被WUE的空间格局没有发生明显变化，高值集中在平原区，特别是绿洲及荒漠-绿洲过渡带，低值集中在山区。通过分析发现，新疆植被WUE变化主要归因于降水、蒸散发及水汽压等气候因子影响。研究结果对于筛选出结构合理、节水性强、生产力高的人工和天然植被结构类型，实现干旱和半干旱地区植被建设的可持续发展具有参考价值，特别是对新疆生态系统安全与农牧业可持续发展具有现实意义。

关键词: 水分利用效率, 净初级生产力, 实际蒸散发, 气候变化

Abstract:

Water use efficiency (WUE) links the processes of carbon and water cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is a crucial indicator for understanding the response of vegetated ecosystems to climate change. In this study, the spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation WUE in Xinjiang of China from 1990 to 2020 were systematically analyzed based on the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach model inversions of net primary productivity and evapotranspiration (ET). In this method, remote sensing images and reanalysis data products from past 31 years were combined. The results revealed that vegetation WUE in Xinjiang has been decreasing for 31 years and 2003 was a pivotal year with a fluctuating downward trend before the turning point and a subsequent fluctuating upward trend. The spatial pattern of vegetation WUE in Xinjiang has not changed considerably over the past 31 years, with high values concentrated in plains, especially in the oasis and desert-oasis transition zones, and low values concentrated in mountains. The results revealed that the changes in vegetation WUE in Xinjiang can be attributed to the influence of climatic factors such as precipitation, evapotranspiration and water vapor pressure. This study can be used as a reference for screening artificial and natural vegetation structure types with reasonable structure, high water conservation and productivity, and for achieving the sustainable development of vegetation construction in arid and semiarid regions, especially for the ecosystem security and sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Xinjiang.

Key words: water use efficiency, net primary productivity, evapotranspiration, climate change

高晓宇, 郝海超, 张雪琪, 陈亚宁. 中国西北干旱区植被水分利用效率变化对气象要素的响应——以新疆为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(7): 1111-1120.

GAO Xiaoyu, HAO Haichao, ZHANG Xueqi, CHEN Yaning. Responses of vegetation water use efficiency to meteorological factors in arid areas of northwest China: A case of Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(7): 1111-1120.

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产品名称	提供的地表特征参数	时间分辨率	空间分辨率
MCD15A3H	光合有效辐射吸收比例（FPAR）	4 a合成	500 m×500 m
MCD15A2H	光合有效辐射吸收比例（FPAR）	8 a合成	500 m×500 m
MOD13A1	归一化植被指数（NDVI）	16 a合成	500 m×500 m
Landsat5/7/8	归一化植被指数（NDVI）	16 a合成	30 m×30 m
MCD12Q1	土地利用类型（IGBP）	96 a合成	500 m×500 m
中科院数据产品	土地利用类型25类	2013年	30 m×30 m
T3H（GLDAS）	气温（TEM）	3 h	0.25°×0.25°
TerraClimate	太阳辐射（SOL）	月	1/24°（~4 km）
TerraClimate	饱和水汽压差（VPD）	月	1/24°（~4 km）
TerraClimate	实际水汽压（VAP）	月	1/24°（~4 km）
TerraClimate	潜在蒸散发（PET）	月	1/24°（~4 km）
TerraClimate	降水（PRE）	月	1/24°（~4 km）
TerraClimate	实际蒸散发（ET）	月	1/24°（~4 km）
ASTER GDEMV2	数字高程模型（DEM）	-	30 m

中国西北干旱区植被水分利用效率变化对气象要素的响应——以新疆为例

Responses of vegetation water use efficiency to meteorological factors in arid areas of northwest China: A case of Xinjiang

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