祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林更新特征对地形因子的响应

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.350

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 604-613.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.350

祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林更新特征对地形因子的响应

芦雄英¹(),刘贤德^1,²(),马瑞¹,赵维俊²,敬文茂²,何晓玲³,赵长兴⁴

1.甘肃农业大学林学院，甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院（甘肃祁连山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站），甘肃张掖 734000
3.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西咸阳 712000
4.兰州大学草地农业科技学院，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2022-07-14 修回日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-04-28
通讯作者: 刘贤德（1963-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事森林水文等相关研究. E-mail: liuxiande666@163.com
作者简介:芦雄英（1996-），女，在读硕士，主要从事森林培育研究. E-mail: 2995472727@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32060247);国家自然科学基金(U21A20468);省级林业和草原自列科技项目(2022kj005);甘肃祁连山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站运行补助(2022132262)

Response of Picea crassifolia forest regeneration characteristics to topographic factors in Pailugou watershed of Qilian Mountains

LU Xiongying¹(),LIU Xiande^1,²(),MA Rui¹,ZHAO Weijun²,JING Wenmao²,HE Xiaoling³,ZHAO Changxing⁴

1. Forestry College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
2. Qilian Mountain Water Conservation Forest Research Institute of Gansu Province (Gansu Qilian Mountain Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station), Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China
3. School of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China
4. College of Grassland Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Received:2022-07-14 Revised:2022-09-26 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨祁连山青海云杉林微地形对天然更新苗的影响，选择祁连山排露沟流域分布的青海云杉为研究对象，采用C-均值模糊聚类分析将该流域15个固定样地的地形参数（海拔、凹凸度、坡度）划分为4种不同的微地形生境，研究微地形生境对更新苗的更新特征（更新苗密度、平均冠幅、平均基径和平均株高）产生的影响。结果表明：（1）该流域的15个固定样地通过聚类分析将微地形生境划分为4类：高海拔陡坡、高海拔斜坡、低海拔凸地和低海拔凹地。（2）不同微地形条件下更新苗密度和平均株高从高到低依次为低海拔凹地、低海拔凸地、高海拔斜坡、高海拔陡坡；更新苗的平均冠幅和平均基径从大到小依次为低海拔凸地>高海拔斜坡>低海拔凹地>高海拔陡坡；在平均株高方面，高海拔陡坡显著低于其他3种微地形。不同的海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位对更新苗的存活率和生长发育过程具有显著性影响。（3）更新苗在不同微地形下大部分表现为聚集分布，聚集强度从高到低表现为高海拔陡坡>低海拔凸地>低海拔凹地>高海拔斜坡。（4）从相关性分析的结果中显示，海拔、坡度、坡位与更新苗之间存在显著相关性（P<0.05）。综上所述，青海云杉林的天然更新受微地形生境的影响较为显著（P<0.05），在低海拔凸地和低海拔凹地中更新苗比较适合定居和生长发育。

关键词: 青海云杉林更新苗, 微地形, 空间分布格局, 海拔, 祁连山

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of microtopography on the natural regeneration of Picea crassifolia seedlings in Qilian Mountains, Picea crassifolia forest was selected as the research object, and the topographic parameters (altitude, convexity and slope) of 15 fixed plots in the watershed were divided into four different microtopographic habitats by C-mean fuzzy clustering, and the effects of microtopographic habitats on the renewal characteristics (renewal seedling density, average crown width, mean base diameter and average plant height) of the regeneration seedlings were studied. The results show that: (1) The average crown width and mean base diameter of regenerated seedlings were in the order of low-altitude convex land>high-altitude slope>low-altitude concave land>high-altitude steep slope. The average plant height on high-altitude steep slopes was considerably lower than that in the other three microtopographies. Thus, different altitudes, slopes, aspects, and slope positions considerably affected the survival rate and growth process of regeneration seedlings. (2) The renewal seedling density and average plant height under different microtopographic conditions were as follows: low-altitude concave land, low-altitude convex land, high-altitude slope, and high-altitude steep slope. (3) Most of the regenerated seedlings showed an aggregated distribution under different microtopography in the order of high-altitude steep slope>low-altitude concave>low-altitude convex>high-altitude slope. (4) The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between altitude, slope, slope position, and regenerated seedlings (P<0.05). In summary, the natural regeneration of Picea crassifolia forest was significantly affected by microtopographic habitat (P<0.05), and seedlings were more suitable for settlement and growth in low-altitude convex land and low-altitude concave land.

Key words: Picea crassifolia forest regeneration seedlings, microtopography, spatial distribution pattern, elevation, Qilian Mountains

芦雄英, 刘贤德, 马瑞, 赵维俊, 敬文茂, 何晓玲, 赵长兴. 祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林更新特征对地形因子的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(4): 604-613.

LU Xiongying, LIU Xiande, MA Rui, ZHAO Weijun, JING Wenmao, HE Xiaoling, ZHAO Changxing. Response of Picea crassifolia forest regeneration characteristics to topographic factors in Pailugou watershed of Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(4): 604-613.

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样地号	植被类型	优势树种	海拔/m	坡向	坡位	坡度/(°)
G1	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	2715	N	下	32
G2	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	2800	N	中	28
G3	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	2840	NE	中	16
G4	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	2952	N	中	33
G5	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	3015	N	中	22
G6	灌丛云杉林	青海云杉	3100	N	上	20
G7	灌丛云杉林	青海云杉	3300	NE	上	34
B1	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	2700	NE	下	35
B2	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	2860	N	中	30
B3	草类云杉林	青海云杉	2900	N	下	12
B4	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	3028	NW	下	25
B5	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	3097	N	下	23
B6	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	3195	NE	中	35
B7	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	2762	NE	中	30
B8	藓类云杉林	青海云杉	2730	N	下	25

地形生境	高海拔陡坡	高海拔斜坡	低海拔凸地	低海拔凹地
样方数/个	51	84	45	76
面积/hm²	0.13	0.21	0.11	0.19
海拔/m	3162.20±103.74a	3004.35±75.82b	2869.09±135.68c	2759.38±47.39d
凹凸度	0.01±1.29b	-0.43±0.78c	1.65±0.69a	-0.44±0.85c
坡度/(°)	33.41±3.66a	20.93±4.70c	30.67±4.99b	30.93±4.69b

地形因子		样方数/个		占总样方比例/%	数量/株		更新密度/株·hm^-2
地形因子		样方数/个		占总样方比例/%	幼苗	幼树	幼苗	幼树
海拔/m	2684		16	6.25	2	20	800f	8000e
	2718		75	29.30	334	130	626250a	243750a
	2800		21	8.20	44	11	23100c	5775f
	2925		46	17.97	0	9	0	10350d
	3000		59	23.05	99	64	146025b	94400b
	3100		11	4.30	37	11	10175e	3025g
	3200		28	10.94	32	38	22400d	26600c
坡位	上坡位		32	12.50	91	54	36400c	13200c
	中坡位		128	50.00	238	92	761600a	294400a
	下坡位		96	37.50	219	137	262800b	164400b
坡度/(°)	6~15		16	6.25	0	0	0	0
	16~25		72	28.13	29	163	52031b	293400b
	26~35		128	50.00	55	259	175000a	828800a
	>36		40	15.63	27	126	26563c	126000c
坡向/(°)	北（337.5~22.5）		160	62.50	61	306	237656a	1193400a
	东北（22.5~67.5）		80	31.25	37	187	86289b	439450b
	西北（292.5~337.5）		16	6.25	13	55	10635c	45375c
凹凸度	<-2		10	3.90	14	5	1400c	500c
	-2~2		231	90.24	525	257	3228750a	1580550a
	>2		15	5.86	9	21	1800b	4200b

地形生境	更新特征	海拔/m	凹凸度	坡度/(°)	坡向/(°)	坡位
高海拔陡坡	更新苗密度/株·hm^-2	-0.170	0.409^*	-0.299	0.098	-0.047
	平均冠幅/m	0.142	0.184	0.265	0.131	-0.026
	平均基径/cm	0.235	0.230	0.347	0.076	-0.230
	平均株高/m	0.110	0.209	0.279	0.061	-0.103
高海拔斜坡	更新苗密度/株·hm^-2	0.155	0.113	0.091	0.276	0.058
	平均冠幅/m	-0.225	0.019	-0.201	0.139	0.078
	平均基径/cm	-0.206	-0.001	-0.264	0.025	-0.007
	平均株高/m	-0.362^*	-0.019	-0.249	0.080	0.169
低海拔凸地	更新苗密度/株·hm^-2	-0.187	-0.043	0.065	0.067	0.071
	平均冠幅/m	-0.253	0.282	0.106	-0.237	0.189
	平均基径/cm	-0.029	0.223	0.318^*	-0.260	0.138
	平均株高/m	0.032	0.219	0.277	-0.311	0.010
低海拔凹地	更新苗密度/株·hm^-2	-0.033	-0.171	0.090	-0.164	0.198
	平均冠幅/m	-0.027	0.187	0.111	-0.088	0.135
	平均基径/cm	-0.242	0.188	0.147	-0.259	0.303^*
	平均株高/m	-0.076	0.048	0.126	0.220	0.212

祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林更新特征对地形因子的响应

Response of Picea crassifolia forest regeneration characteristics to topographic factors in Pailugou watershed of Qilian Mountains

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