基于WRF模拟的2017年帕米尔高原降水特征分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

帕米尔高原是中亚最重要的水源地,但因其较高的海拔导致降水数据极其缺乏,限制了对帕米尔高原大气降水和水文过程的认识。为认知帕米尔高原降水的空间分布,使用WRF（Weather research and forecasting）模式,以6 km的高分辨率模拟了2016年12月至2017年11月帕米尔高原大气降水的时空分布,模拟结果揭示了帕米尔高原高大地形对水汽输送的阻滞作用,造成帕米尔高原各季节降水主要分布在迎风坡上。在冬季和春季,降水主要发生在帕米尔高原西侧迎风坡,降水整体上随海拔的升高而增大,降水区集中在海拔3000~5000 m处,高海拔地区降水量高出平原地区数倍之多。而夏季降水主要出现在帕米尔高原的南麓,因高原的阻挡,夏季风不能深入到高原内陆,造成夏季高原顶部降水量不足100 mm。

关键词: 降水, WRF, 高海拔, 帕米尔高原

Abstract:

The Pamirs, found on the western edge of the Tibetan Plateau, spans the largest high-altitude area in Central Asia. Named the Central Asian Water Tower, this mountain range is the most important water source in Central Asia, where water resources are becoming increasingly tense. To efficiently utilize its limited water resources, researchers should elucidate the temporal and spatial changes in its atmospheric precipitation. However, the understanding of temporal and spatial variations in precipitation in the Pamirs is still insufficient mainly because of the high terrain of the Pamirs and the violent terrain undulations, resulting in the extremely limited spatial representation of observational data from a single site. Such understanding is also limited because of sparse meteorological observations and complex process of accurate precipitation data collection owing to the harsh natural environment of high-altitude mountainous areas. Consequently, atmospheric precipitation and hydrological processes in the Pamirs remain unclear. In this study, a WRF model was used to simulate and understand the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric precipitation in the Pamirs from December 2016 to November 2017 with a high resolution of 6 km. The re-analyzed data ERA5 and Grid data CPC were examined and compared with model results to explore the distribution characteristics of falling water centers in different resolution data. WRF simulation results exhibited good spatial correlation with CPC data, and the spatial distribution of precipitation was highly consistency. WRF restored the spatial distribution of precipitation on the plateau, and its high-resolution simulation yielded more details than other data. Simulation results further revealed the blocking effect of the Pamir’s high terrain on water vapor transport, causing the seasonal precipitation of the Pamirs to be mainly concentrated on windward slopes. In winter and spring, precipitation mainly occurred on windward slopes on the west side of the Pamirs. As altitude increased, precipitation increased and remained concentrated at 3000-5000 m above sea level. Precipitation in high-altitude areas was several times that in plain areas. Summer precipitation was mainly observed in the southern foot of the Pamirs. Summer monsoon could not penetrate deep into the plateau inland because of obstruction by the plateau; thus, precipitation at the top of the plateau in summer was <100 mm.

Key words: precipitation, WRF, high elevation, Pamirs

张茜,段克勤. 基于WRF模拟的2017年帕米尔高原降水特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(6): 1707-1716.

ZHANG Qian,DUAN Keqin. Characteristics of precipitation in the Pamirs in 2017 based on WRF simulation[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1707-1716.

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