祁连山北麓荒漠草原5种优势植物生物量与土壤养分特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.272

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 662-671.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.272

祁连山北麓荒漠草原5种优势植物生物量与土壤养分特征

张志明¹^,²(), 孙小妹²^,³, 包段红¹^,², 姚宝辉¹^,², 王志成¹^,², 苏军虎¹^,²()

1.甘肃农业大学草业学院，草业生态系统教育部重点实验室，甘肃省草业工程实验室，中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心，甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃农业大学新西兰梅西大学草地生物多样性研究中心，甘肃兰州 730070
3.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院，甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2023-06-09 修回日期:2023-07-26 出版日期:2024-04-25 发布日期:2024-05-17
通讯作者: 苏军虎（1981-），男，博士，教授，主要从事草地生态和保护方向研究. E-mail： sujh@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:张志明（1994-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事草地生态方向研究. E-mail： Zhangzhiming857@163.com
基金资助:
武威市重点研发科技项目(WW2002YFS008);甘肃省科技计划项目(22JR5RA1057);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(23ZYQH0298)

Biomass and soil nutrient characteristics of five dominant plant species in the desert grassland of the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains

ZHANG Zhiming¹^,²(), SUN Xiaomei²^,³, BAO Duanhong¹^,², YAO Baohui¹^,², WANG Zhicheng¹^,², SU Junhu¹^,²()

1. Grassland College of Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, Grassland Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainablity, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
2. Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

Received:2023-06-09 Revised:2023-07-26 Published:2024-04-25 Online:2024-05-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明晰荒漠草原优势植物的植物生物量与土壤养分关系，研究选取祁连山北麓肃北区域荒漠草原骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis）、碱茅（Puccinellia distans）和冰草（Agropyron cristatum）5种优势植物，测定该其生物量和根际土壤养分，探究其植物生物量分配及其与土壤养分间的关系。结果表明：（1） 5种优势植物间总生物量和根冠比差异显著（P<0.05），骆驼蓬总生物量最高，碱茅最低。多年生的骆驼蓬、碱茅、中华羊茅和冰草植物生物量大部分集中在地下，一年生的狗尾草植物生物量大部分集中在地上，不同植物间根冠比大小为：碱茅>冰草>中华羊茅>骆驼蓬>狗尾草。（2） 5种植物根际土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾及其化学计量特征均存在显著差异（P<0.05），5种植物根际间土壤碳氮比大小为碱茅>狗尾草>冰草>骆驼蓬>中华羊茅。（3）不同植物生物量、根冠比及土壤养分变异性不一致，骆驼蓬、狗尾草和中华羊茅的根际土壤全钾与碱茅和冰草的根际土壤含水量等均为弱变异，而土壤养分及其化学计量特征为中等变异。5种优势植物的生物量与根际土壤碱解氮和全钾呈正相关性（P<0.05）。可见荒漠草原生态系统中植物生物量分配和根际土壤养分在生活史和物种间的差异较大，今后应根据不同优势植物养分需求，合理施肥来修复退化的荒漠生态系统。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 生物量, 根冠比, 土壤养分特征, 祁连山北麓

Abstract:

To clarify the relationship between plant biomass and soil nutrients of dominant plants in desert grasslands, this study selected five dominant plant species: Peganum harmala, Setaria viridis, Festuca sinensis, Puccinellia distans, and Agropyron cristatum. We measured their biomass and root-zone soil nutrients to explore biomass allocation and its relationship with soil nutrients. The results are as follows: (1) There were significant differences in total biomass and root-shoot ratio among the five dominant plant species (P<0.05), with Peganum harmala having the highest total biomass and Puccinellia distans having the lowest. The perennial plants Peganum harmala, Puccinellia distans, Festuca sinensis, and Agropyron cristatum had most of their biomass allocated below ground, whereas the annual plant Setaria viridis had most of its biomass above ground. The order of root-shoot ratio among the five plants was as follows: Puccinellia distans>Agropyron cristatum>Festuca sinensis>Peganum harmala>Setaria viridis. (2) There were significant differences (P<0.05) in root-zone soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and their stoichiometric characteristics among the five plant species. The order of soil C:N ratio among the five plants was as follows: Puccinellia distans>Setaria viridis>Agropyron cristatum>Peganum harmala>Festuca sinensis. (3) Variations in plant biomass, root-shoot ratio, and soil nutrients varied among the plants. The root-zone soil total potassium of Peganum harmala, Setaria viridis, and Festuca sinensis and the root-zone soil moisture of Puccinellia distans and Agropyron cristatum exhibited weak variation, whereas the other plant characteristics, soil nutrients, and stoichiometric characteristics exhibited moderate variation. The biomass of the five dominant plant species exhibited a positive correlation with the root-zone soil available nitrogen and total potassium (P<0.05). The allocation of plant biomass and soil nutrient composition significantly vary among different species and life histories in the desert grassland ecosystem. In the future, it will be necessary to restore degraded desert ecosystems by applying appropriate fertilization based on the nutrient requirements of different dominant plant species.

Key words: desert grassland, biomass, root-shoot ratio, soil nutrient characteristics, the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains

张志明, 孙小妹, 包段红, 姚宝辉, 王志成, 苏军虎. 祁连山北麓荒漠草原5种优势植物生物量与土壤养分特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(4): 662-671.

ZHANG Zhiming, SUN Xiaomei, BAO Duanhong, YAO Baohui, WANG Zhicheng, SU Junhu. Biomass and soil nutrient characteristics of five dominant plant species in the desert grassland of the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(4): 662-671.

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物种	样本数	地上生物量	地下生物量	总生物量	根冠比
骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）	25	13.57a	21.30a	34.88a	1.57cd
狗尾草（Setaria viridis）	25	0.59b	0.52b	1.10b	0.92d
中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis）	25	0.26b	1.18b	1.44b	2.26c
碱茅（Puccinellia distans）	25	0.07b	0.24b	0.32b	5.19a
冰草（Agropyron cristatum）	25	0.42b	1.12b	1.55b	3.29b

土壤指标	狗尾草	中华羊茅	碱茅	冰草	骆驼蓬
SWC/%	16.2±1.05a	10.4±1.68a	13.36±0.46a	16.45±0.81a	14.84±3.95a
AP/mg·kg^-1	10.82±0.44a	11.41±6.46a	12.34±0.24a	11.35±0.83a	10.55±0.29a
AK/mg·kg^-1	3.54±0.41b	1.07±0.51c	1.58±2.31c	7.13±1.70a	2.85±4.50b
AN/mg·kg^-1	53.99±21.38c	95.64±10.68b	97.31±31.87b	98.3±0.59b	137.27±14.58a
TN/g·kg^-1	0.29±0.17b	0.51±0.15a	0.24±0.10b	0.28±0.12b	0.31±0.07b
TP/g·kg^-1	2.30±0.44a	2.59±0.13a	0.75±0.13b	0.84±0.27b	0.73±0.04b
TK/g·kg^-1	10.38±0.56a	6.21±0.62b	5.92±0.63b	6.15±0.71b	10.03±0.92a
OC/g·kg^-1	49.93±9.44ab	26.33±7.89c	59.59±12.45a	37.79±15.13bc	22.26±10.72c
N:P	0.13±0.06b	0.20±0.07b	0.32±0.14ab	0.33±0.20a	0.42±0.08a
C:K	2.79±0.61bc	2.46±0.99bc	5.84±1.16a	3.56±1.60b	1.29±0.75c
C:P	12.59±1.00bc	5.90±1.80c	45.81±13.41a	26.19±2.56bc	17.59±7.63c
C:N	99.34±39.05b	30.24±28.25b	145.07±55.48a	78.72±34.49b	42.00±13.62b

土壤指标	变异系数
土壤指标	骆驼蓬	狗尾草	中华羊茅	碱茅	冰草
OC	48.13	18.91	29.98	20.88	40.03
TN	24.10	44.50	35.15	47.80	33.74
TP	5.64	19.18	5.10	16.62	32.20
TK	9.17	5.42	9.96	10.65	11.51
C:N	33.09	46.91	68.72	29.86	50.06
C:P	43.80	7.94	30.50	28.51	9.92
N:P	18.32	32.94	38.14	49.34	44.80
C:K	56.58	21.79	39.54	19.73	44.05
AN	11.16	35.25	11.17	32.75	0.60
AP	42.62	3.83	4.47	18.71	14.96
AK	10.19	12.49	137.04	15.40	11.61
SWC	26.59	6.48	16.14	3.44	4.95
Ab	8.11	32.18	34.19	67.27	18.35
Bb	13.97	47.50	97.78	12.56	66.12
Tb	11.62	30.39	85.48	20.55	51.97
R:S	6.20	42.80	80.19	46.90	53.52

内容	RDA1	RDA2
特征值	3.0589	0.8496
可解释变量累计百分比	0.7647	0.2124
可解释拟合变量（累计）	0.7647	0.9771
蒙特卡罗置换检验	P<0.05

土壤因子	RDA1	RDA2	R²	Pr
SWC	0.47101	0.88213	0.1952	0.245
AK	-0.47991	-0.87732	0.1677	0.327
AP	-0.62465	-0.78091	0.0503	0.726
AN	0.87023	-0.49264	0.4884	0.022
TN	-0.92070	-0.39028	0.0089	0.951
TP	-0.87356	0.48671	0.1915	0.280
TK	0.89323	0.44961	0.4301	0.046
OC	-0.94157	0.33682	0.2649	0.156
N:P	0.78968	-0.61352	0.2386	0.193
C:K	-0.99676	-0.08045	0.3200	0.095
C:P	-0.54229	-0.84019	0.1281	0.411
C:N	-0.95473	0.29746	0.1397	0.429

祁连山北麓荒漠草原5种优势植物生物量与土壤养分特征

Biomass and soil nutrient characteristics of five dominant plant species in the desert grassland of the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains

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