中国农文旅耦合协调发展空间分异特征及影响肌理

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.295

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探索农文旅长效融合机制是实现乡村可持续发展、实施乡村振兴战略的重要举措。鉴于此，选取表征农文旅发展水平的名录数据作为研究对象，综合运用耦合协调度模型（Coupling coordination degree，CCD）和地理探测器等方法，定量探究了中国农文旅空间耦合协调发展空间分异特征及影响肌理。结果表明：（1）农、文、旅3产业发展水平不同步性、空间分布不均衡性特征突出。（2）农文旅融合发展呈现“文旅先行、农业滞后”的特征，空间耦合协调性一般。（3）农文旅空间耦合协调发展的集聚特征显著，呈现以胡焕庸线为界的局部分异特征。（4）农文旅耦合协调发展空间分异的解释力强度分别为：创新水平>社会文化>自然地理>经济发展，创新能力是农文旅耦合协调发展的主导力量。（5）农文旅耦合协调发展的空间分异受多因子复杂耦合作用，创新水平与社会文化维度之间的交互作用效果明显强于其他因子间的交互作用。

关键词: 农文旅, 融合机制, 影响因素, 耦合协调度模型, 地理探测器

Abstract:

Exploring the long-term fusion mechanism of agro-cultural-tourism is an important measure to realize the sustainable development of rural areas and implement the rural revitalization strategy. Therefore, the directory data representing the development level of agro-cultural-tourism are selected as the research object, and the coupling coordination degree and geodetector and Moran’s I index are comprehensively used to explore the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing texture of the coupling coordinated development of agro-cultural-tourism in China quantitatively. The following results are obtained. (1) The development level of agriculture, culture, and tourism is not synchronized and the spatial distribution is uneven, each forming its unique spatial distribution characteristics. (2) Under the market-oriented operation, the integrated development of agricultural culture and tourism shows the characteristics of “cultural tourism first, agriculture lags behind”, nearly half of the prefecture-level cities are coordinated, and the spatial coupling coordination is general. (3) From the overall perspective, the agglomeration characteristics of the spatial coupling and coordinated development of agro-cultural-tourism are remarkable, and the local spatial autocorrelation exhibits a differentiated feature bounded by the Hu Huanyong line. (4) The explanatory strength of the spatial differentiation of the coordinated development of agro-cultural-tourism coupling is innovation level>sociocultural>physical geography>economic development. This finding reflects the initiative of people, especially the innovation ability, is the leading force to the coupling and coordinated development of agro-cultural-tourism. (5) The spatial differentiation of the coordinated development of agro-cultural-tourism coupling is affected by complex coupling effects of multiple factors, and the interaction effect between innovation level and sociocultural dimension is significantly higher than that between physical geography and economic development dimension. Thus, this study presents the following suggestions. First, promoting the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in parallel, coordinating agro-cultural-tourism, carefully considering the capital going to the countryside, conducting rural planning in advance, and demarcating land development boundaries are necessary for rural development to prevent disorderly development and construction in the capital boom and avoid wasting a considerable amount of resources. Second, rural development must combine the cultural background and develop characteristic agriculture based on resource endowments; take the revitalization of talents as a guide; strengthen cultural, industrial, and agricultural technology innovations; and form a coordinated development pattern of “people-land-industry”.

Key words: agro-cultural-tourism, fusion mechanism, influence factor, coupling coordination degree model, geodetector

杨玉欢,贺建雄,张新红,芮旸. 中国农文旅耦合协调发展空间分异特征及影响肌理[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(3): 448-459.

YANG Yuhuan,HE Jianxiong,ZHANG Xinhong,RUI Yang. Spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing texture of the coupling coordinated development of agro-culture-tourism in China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(3): 448-459.

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要素	一级指标	二级指标		属性	熵权法权重		主成分分析法权重	层次分析法权重
特色农业	特色农产品	农产品地理标志	+	0.071	0.153	0.086	0.103	农业农村部
		一村一品	+	0.090	0.075	0.045	0.070	农业农村部
	特色农业区	中国特色农产品优势区	+	0.070	0.063	0.071	0.068	农业农村部
乡土文化	传统聚落	国家级历史文化名镇名村	+	0.084	0.045	0.132	0.087	住建部
		中国少数民族特色村寨	+	0.070	0.024	0.055	0.050	民委
		国家级传统村落	+	0.088	0.034	0.125	0.082	住建部
	农耕技艺	中国重要农业文化遗产	+	0.080	0.101	0.097	0.093	农业农村部
	民俗文化	国家级非物质文化遗产	+	0.093	0.049	0.102	0.081	文旅部
	礼俗制度	乡村治理示范村镇	+	0.089	0.153	0.036	0.093	农业农村部
乡村旅游	特色乡村旅游	全国乡村旅游重点村镇	+	0.089	0.084	0.096	0.090	文旅部
		全国特色景观旅游名镇名村	+	0.091	0.065	0.057	0.071	住建部
	旅游景点	A级景区	+	0.083	0.155	0.100	0.113	文旅部

耦合度分级	耦合协调度	D_农-文-旅		D_农-文		D_文-旅		D_农-旅
耦合度分级	耦合协调度	地级市数量	比例/%	地级市数量	比例/%	地级市数量	比例/%	地级市数量	比例/%
严重失调	[0.00, 0.15]	32	8.72	31	8.45	31	8.45	39	10.63
中度失调	(0.15, 0.25]	82	22.34	86	23.43	81	22.07	79	21.53
基本协调	(0.25, 0.40]	184	50.14	170	46.32	175	47.68	176	47.96
中度协调	(0.40, 0.60]	64	17.44	75	20.44	71	19.35	70	19.07
高度协调	(0.60, 1.00]	5	1.36	5	1.36	9	2.45	3	0.82

耦合协调度	全局Moran’s I	Z得分	P值
D_农-文-旅	0.318	22.011	<0.001
D_农-文	0.313	21.623	<0.001
D_文-旅	0.299	20.695	<0.001
D_农-旅	0.285	19.755	<0.001

维度	二级指标	属性	计算方法	极小值	极大值	均值	标准差
自然地理	高程（X₁）/m	-	统计各市高程均值	1.293	4985.938	611.523	821.995
	地形起伏度（X₂）/m	-	统计各市地形起伏度均值	0.000	578.690	78.872	102.339
	植被覆盖指数（X₃）	+	统计各市植被覆盖指数均值	0.085	0.888	0.731	0.147
	生态用地指数（X₄）/%	+	林地、草地、水域总面积/行政区面积	0.006	0.904	0.483	0.252
	年平均气温（X₅）/℃	+	统计各市年平均气温均值	-4.870	24.333	12.461	5.721
	年平均降水量（X₆）/mm	+	统计各市年平均降水量均值	-143.498	160.522	-1.654	28.610
经济发展	人均GDP（X₇）/10⁴元	+	GDP总量/常住人口	1.743	18.087	6.355	3.242
	夜间灯光指数（X₈）	+	统计各市夜间灯光指数均值	0.048	61.830	13.479	12.663
	三产从业占比（X₉）/%	+	三产从业人数/常住人口	28.470	83.870	49.359	8.011
	公路客运总量（X₁₀）/10⁴人	+	统计各市公路客运总量	12.000	89374.000	2671.219	6118.998
	道路密度（X₁₁）/km·km^-2	+	道路网密度/行政区面积	0.073	7.761	1.125	1.014
社会文化	人口密度（X₁₂）/10⁴人·km^-2	+	人口数量/行政区面积	0.000	0.907	0.049	0.072
	图书馆藏书量（X₁₃）/10⁴册	+	统计各市图书馆藏书数量	9.000	17985.000	489.331	1379.839
	博物馆数量（X₁₄）/个	+	统计各市博物馆数量	1.000	183.000	18.492	23.572
创新水平	在校学生人数（X₁₅）/10⁴人	+	统计各市普通本专科在校学生人数	0.281	130.714	11.632	19.764
	高等学校数量（X₁₆）/10⁴人	+	统计各市本科数量	1.000	92.000	9.129	14.744
	科学技术支出比例（X₁₇）/%	+	科研技术支出/一般公共预算支出	0.001	0.140	0.019	0.020
	专利授权数量（X₁₈）/件	+	统计各市专利授权数量	5.000	222412.000	11929.648	25800.443

变量	q值	变量	q值	变量	q值
X₁	0.126^*	X₇	0.091^*	X₁₃	0.268^*
X₂	0.092^*	X₈	0.026^*	X₁₄	0.404^*
X₃	0.042^*	X₉	0.016^*	X₁₅	0.196^*
X₄	0.068^*	X₁₀	0.246^*	X₁₆	0.155^*
X₅	0.095^*	X₁₁	0.070^*	X₁₇	0.091^*
X₆	0.036^*	X₁₂	0.029^*	X₁₈	0.248^*