新疆巴州地区降水量、可降水量及降水转化率计算解析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1965-2014年巴音郭楞蒙古自治州（简称巴州）地区11个气象站降水量和水汽压月资料，运用整层大气可降水量经验公式，计算巴州不同区域降水量、可降水量和降水转化率，并对其进行分析。结果表明：（1）巴州各区域月降水量、可降水量与降水转化率都呈单峰形态分布。（2）各区域夏季降水量均最大，冬季降水量最小，20世纪60年代降水量普遍偏少，80和90年代为降水量的高值年代，巴州从北到南，从东到西，降水量逐渐减少。（3）可降水量近50 a均呈上升趋势，其中上升最为显著的为焉耆盆地，其次为南部地区，四季可降水量均呈现上升趋势，其中夏季可降水量增加最明显。（4）各区域降水转化率均在夏季达到最大，南部地区最小值出现在秋季，其它三区最小值均出现在冬季，北部山区各季节降水转化率均最大。（5）降水量、可降水量及降水转化率相互间均呈正相关关系，降水量与降水转化率之间相关性最好，相关系数介于0.96~0.99之间。

关键词: 降水量, 可降水量, 降水转化率, 气候变化, 巴州

Abstract: This paper aims to calculate and analyze the precipitation, precipitable water(PW)and precipitation conversion efficiency in the Bayingolin Prefecture, Xinjiang, China by using the empirical formula of atmospheric total PW. The data of monthly mean precipitation and water vapor pressure used in this paper were acquired from 11 meteorological stations in the Bayingolin Prefecture from 1965 to 2014. The results showed as follows:(1) The monthly precipitation, precipitable water and precipitation conversion efficiency in different areas of Bayingolin Prefecture had consistently a unimodal distribution.(2) The maximum amount of precipitation in all areas of Bayingolin appeared in summer, the northern mountains area had the most with 164.2 mm and accounted for 68.9% of annual precipitation, and the southern region had the least with 21.7 mm and accounted for 70.9% of annual precipitation, while the minimum precipitation was in winter with 1.5-6.1 mm. In general, the precipitation was less in the 1960s, and the most was in the two decades of the 1980s and 1990s. The precipitation displayed a reducing trend from north to south and from east to west.(3) The maximum amount of precipitable water in all areas of Bayingolin appeared in summer, the Yanqi Basin had the most with 1 018.0 mm,the northern mountains area had the least with 607.7 mm, while the minimum precipitable water was in winter, the northern mountains area had only 113.5 mm, the other area ranged form 259.6 to 287.2 mm. The precipitable water of all areas has been increasing in the near 50 years. Yanqi Basin increased mostly and the southern areas followed. The precipitable water of four seasons also had increased, especially in summer.(4) The maximum amount of precipitation conversion efficiency in all areas of Bayingolin appeared in summer, that of the northern mountains area was 27.0%, but the southern area was only 2.3%. The precipitation conversion efficiency of the northern mountains area was the largest in four seasons of Bayingolin.

Key words: precipitation, precipitable water, precipitation conversion efficiency, climate change, Bayingolin

中图分类号:

P426.61

周成龙, 钟昕洁, 杨兴华, 仇会民, 张爱强. 新疆巴州地区降水量、可降水量及降水转化率计算解析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(6): 1204-1211.

ZHOU Cheng-long, ZHONG Xin-jie, YANG Xing-hua, QIU Hui-min, ZHANG Ai-qiang. Calculation of precipitation, precipitable water and precipitation conversion efficiency of Bayingolin Prefecture in Xinjiang[J]. , 2016, 39(6): 1204-1211.

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