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干旱区地理 ›› 2016, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 582-589.

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

塔里木河河道的历史变迁及驱动力分析

张永雷, 陈亚宁, 杨玉海, 郝兴明   

  1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-28 修回日期:2016-03-02 出版日期:2016-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 陈亚宁(1958-),男,博士,博导,主要从事资源、生态水文过程、资源开发与环境保护等方面的研究.Email:chenyn@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:张永雷(1988-),男,河南商丘人,硕士,研究方向为生态水文过程.Email:Zhangyong_lei@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAC15B02)

Analysis of historical change and future trends of Tarim River

ZHANG Yong-lei, CHEN Ya-ning, YANG Yu-hai, HAO Xing-ming   

  1. Xinjiang institute of ecology and geography, chinese academy of science, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2015-12-28 Revised:2016-03-02 Online:2016-05-25

摘要: 通过查史记梳理了塔里木河过去约2000 a的变迁轨迹,发现在过去的2000 a间,塔里木河一直表现为向北移动并逐步萎缩的态势:北魏(约公元386年)以前,塔里木河由南河和北河构成,两者相距240 km以上;北魏至唐中期(约公元755年),塔里木河南河北移约160~180 km,使其失去2条源流并开始瓦解,同时北河下段北移60~85 km;唐中期至元前夕(公元1225年),南河进一步瓦解,仅剩一条源流;元至清初(约公元1670年),南河仅存的一条源流北移约70 km汇入北河,南河消失;清初至民国,塔里木河干流沙雅以下河段发生南北摆动,但总体上继续向北迁移;近60 a来,塔里木河中游北移50~100 km。研究分析,塔里木河河道变迁及北移是区域构造运动与地势特征、盛行风和沙丘移动、气候水文变化以及人为经济活动等多方面因素共同作用的结果。

关键词: 历史变迁, 驱动因素, 未来变化, 塔里木河

Abstract: The paper reviewed the development track of Tarim River during the past 2000 years by searching ancient classics, finding that Tarim River channel has been continually moving to the north and shrinking gradually. Before the Northern Wei Dynasty (about AD 386), Tarim River was consist of two rivers, the north river and the south river, with a distance of at least 240 kilometers. From the Northern Wei Dynasty to middle Tang Dynasty (about AD 755), the south river moved northward for about 160-180 kilometers, making it lose two water sources and begin to collapse;meanwhile downstream of the north river moved northward for 60-85 kilometers. From middle Tang Dynasty to the eve of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1225), the south river further collapsed and only one water source remained. From Yuan Dynasty to early days of Qing Dynasty (AD 1670), the only water source of the south river moved northward for about 70 kilometers, flowing into the north river, and then dried up and disappeared. From the early days of Qing Dynasty to the Republic, Tarim River repeatedly swung north and south for 40-50 kilometers, and eventually back to the initial position of early Qing Dynasty. Nearly 60 years, the middle reaches of Tarim River moved northward for 50-100 kilometers. Research and analysis show that the historical changes of Tarim River channel were the results of many interacted factors including regional tectonic movement and terrain features, prevailing wind and dune movement in the Tarim Basin, and also the hydrology climate change and human activities.

Key words: Historical changes, Driving Factors, Future changes, Tarim River

中图分类号: 

  • 170.4520