近30 a黄河流域中心城市空间扩展特征及启示

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究城市空间扩展特征，认识城镇用地开发效率，有助于科学践行城市开发边界和高质量发展政策。基于城市空间、人口和经济数据，采用扩展强度指数、差异指数和耦合协调度模型，分析1992—2020年黄河流域8个中心城市空间扩展数量和质量的时空特征及启示。结果表明：（1）中心城市平均扩展面积315 km²，下游城市扩展规模大于中上游，济南市、郑州市、西安市和银川市扩展强度较高。（2）各市空间扩展与人口、经济耦合关系呈下游向中上游、中游向上下游递减的分布特征，平均值分别由1992年0.42、0.19提升至2020年0.89、0.81，扩展质量整体向好。（3）城市空间扩展分异是自然区位、经济发展、政策条件等多方面综合驱动的结果。（4）严格落实流域高质量发展政策，科学践行城市开发边界，协调优化城市用地扩展与人口、经济之间相互关系，合理规划城市发展，是黄河流域中心城市实现高质量发展的重要路径。

关键词: 空间扩展, 耦合协调度, 中心城市, 黄河流域

Abstract:

Urban development boundaries and high-quality development policies can be scientifically practiced by exploring the characteristics of urban spatial expansion and recognizing the efficiency of urban land use. Based on data on urban space, population, and economy, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the quantity and quality of spatial expansion of eight central cities in the Yellow River Basin from 1992 to 2020 were analyzed using the urban expansion intensity index, urban expansion intensity differentiation index, and coupling degree model. The results show that: (1) The average expansion area of central cities is 315 km² and expansion scale of downstream cities is larger than those of cities in the middle and upper reaches，and the expansion intensity of Jinan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an and Yinchuan is higher. (2) The coupling relationship between spatial expansion, population and economy in each city showed a decreasing distribution from the downstream to the middle and upper reaches. The average value of the coupling relationships between spatial expansion and population and economy increased from 0.42 and 0.19 in 1992 to 0.89 and 0.81 in 2020, respectively, indicating that the overall expansion quality was improving. (3) The differentiation of urban spatial expansion results from multiple factors, such as natural location, economic development, and policy conditions. (4) The crucial approaches for the central cities in the Yellow River Basin to achieve high-quality development include strictly implementing high-quality development policy regarding the Yellow River Basin, scientifically practicing urban development boundary, coordinating and optimizing the relationship between urban land expansion and population and economy, and rationally planning urban development.

Key words: spatial expansion, coupling degree, central cities, the Yellow River Basin

万赟, 吴文恒, 刘金凤, 史海金, 刘力萌. 近30 a黄河流域中心城市空间扩展特征及启示[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(2): 281-292.

WAN Yun, WU Wenheng, LIU Jinfeng, SHI Haijin, LIU Limeng. Spatial expansion characteristics and their enlightenment in central cities in the Yellow River Basin in the last 30 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(2): 281-292.

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目标层	指标层	因子层	权重
城市空间扩展与人口、经济耦合协调测度	空间扩展（A）	建成区面积（A1）/km²	0.42
		城市道路面积（A2）/m²	0.23
		城市绿地面积（A3）/m²	0.35
	人口发展（B）	城市常住人口（B1）/10⁴人	0.32
		城市人口密度（B2）/10⁴人·km^-2	0.41
		二三产业从业人数（B3）/10⁴人	0.26
	经济发展（C）	城市GDP总量（C1）/10⁸元	0.29
		城市经济密度（C2）/10⁴元·km^-2	0.44
		二三产业总产值（C3）/10⁸元	0.27

城市	城市面积						扩展面积
城市	1992年	1997年	2002年	2007年	2012年	2020年	扩展面积
济南市	110	115	190	315	363	794	684
郑州市	100	116	156	321	373	641	541
太原市	168	168	177	238	310	340	172
西安市	148	162	187	268	375	701	553
呼和浩特市	75	78	120	150	210	272	197
银川市	42	46	60	107	135	195	153
兰州市	163	163	180	183	199	329	166
西宁市	52	60	61	65	75	106	54