黄河流域国家湿地公园时空分异、重心演化与驱动因素分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.365

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湿地公园是我国自然保护体系的重要组成部分，加强国家湿地公园的建设和管理对于有效保护湿地资源、发挥湿地生态功能具有重要意义。以黄河流域国家湿地公园为对象，以2010、2015年和2022年为时点，运用核密度估计、热点分析、标准差椭圆和地理探测器模型对其时空分异、重心演化与驱动因素给予研究。结果表明：（1） 2010年，国家湿地公园在黄河流域呈“双核多点”的密度特征，2015年和2022年则呈“多核连片”的分布趋势，公园数量与面积均有大幅增加，对经济发展和生态保护作用不断增强。（2） 2010—2022年，湿地公园重心坐标总体上向东北移动247.31 km，具有显著的“东北—西南”分布特征。分流域来看，中游省区重心移动距离最大，下游省区移动最小。（3）自然环境维度对湿地公园分布影响有限，社会经济维度则在湿地保护修复和公园建设等方面起决定性作用，人均GDP和数字高程模型（DEM）因子分别在社会与自然维度中作用最大。

关键词: 国家湿地公园, 时空分异, 重心演化, 驱动因素, 黄河流域

Abstract:

Wetland parks are crucial to China's natural protection system. Strengthening the construction and management of national wetland parks holds immense importance for effectively protecting wetland resources and harnessing the full ecological potential of wetlands. Focusing on the national wetland parks in the Yellow River Basin of China, this study employs kernel density estimation, hot spot analysis, standard deviation ellipse, and a geographical detective model to investigate the spatiotemporal differentiation, center of gravity evolution, and driving factors of wetland parks in 2010, 2015, and 2022. The results include the following: (1) In 2010, wetland parks in the Yellow River Basin presented a “double core and multiple points” density feature, evolving into a “multi-core and continuous patch” distribution trend in 2015 and 2022. The number and area of parks greatly increased, underscoring their growing role in regional economic development and ecological protection. (2) From 2010 to 2022, the spatial center of gravity of national wetland parks moved 247.31 km to the northeast, revealing a distinct “northeast-southwest” directional feature in its distribution pattern. Interbasin differences highlighted the largest movement of spatial center of gravity in wetland parks in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the smallest movement in downstream provinces. (3) Natural environmental factors have a limited impact on the number and distribution of wetland parks, whereas social and economic factors decisively influence wetland protection, restoration, and park construction. Notably, the per capita regional gross domestic product and the digital elevation model have the greatest effect on the dimensions of social and natural driving, respectively.

Key words: national wetland park, spatiotemporal differentiation, center of gravity evolution, driving factors, Yellow River Basin

周成, 赵亚玲, 任敏敏, 靳轶婷, 吕丝丝. 黄河流域国家湿地公园时空分异、重心演化与驱动因素分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(3): 506-514.

ZHOU Cheng, ZHAO Yaling, REN Minmin, JIN Yiting, LYU Sisi. Spatiotemporal differentiation, center of gravity evolution and driving factors of national wetland parks in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(3): 506-514.

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驱动维度	序号	细分因子	依据	单位	q值	q均值
社会经济维度	X_pop	年末人口数	周婷等^[20]	10⁴人	0.387	0.808
	X_gdp	人均GDP	樊涵等^[22]	10⁴元	0.952
	X_roa	公路里程	杨利等^[29]	km	0.837
	X_inc	居民人均可支配收入	刘汉湖等^[21]	元	0.930
	X_sce	A级旅游景区	董冬等^[18]	个	0.935
自然环境维度	X_wet	湿地面积	魏伟等^[27]	hm²	0.273	0.198
	X_aat	AAT10	潘竟虎等^[19]	℃	0.254
	X_pre	年降水量	潘竟虎等^[19]	mm	0.027
	X_dem	DEM	杨利等^[29]	m	0.426
	X_ndv	NDVI	巴旗等^[31]	-	0.009

交互作用	X_pop	X_gdp	X_roa	X_inc	X_sce	X_wet	X_aat	X_pre	X_dem	X_ndv
X_pop	0.287	+	+	+	+	*	+	*	+	*
X_gdp	1.000	0.852	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
X_roa	0.848	0.966	0.637	+	+	+	+	*	+	+
X_inc	0.928	0.989	1.000	0.810	+	+	+	+	+	+
X_sce	1.000	0.972	0.973	1.000	0.713	+	+	*	+	*
X_wet	0.961	1.000	0.870	0.967	1.000	0.373	*	*	*	*
X_aat	0.588	0.969	0.898	0.953	0.970	0.760	0.314	*	+	*
X_pre	0.769	0.978	0.954	0.955	0.981	0.687	0.604	0.265	+	*
X_dem	0.617	0.960	0.880	0.947	0.941	0.862	0.513	0.556	0.480	*
X_ndv	0.604	0.959	0.845	0.936	0.958	0.650	0.582	0.514	0.731	0.232