中国北方农牧交错区生态脆弱性时空演变格局与驱动因素——以盐池县为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态脆弱性是当前全球环境变化与区域可持续发展研究的重点,也是生态文明建设和绿色发展研究的热点。以中国北方农牧交错区盐池县为例,基于2000—2017年3期遥感数据,运用景观格局指数法、空间自相关以及地理探测器等模型对研究区生态脆弱性时空演变格局及其驱动因素进行综合评价。结果显示：（1）研究区草地分布广泛,且面积逐年增加,耕地和未利用地面积分别减少44673.7 hm²和73033.1 hm²,林地、水域和建设用地面积增加迅速,年均变化率分别为2.86%、2.15%和4.80%;（2）景观斑块数量减少,破碎度趋于缓和,不同类型景观彼此之间具有良好的连接性,景观格局趋向规则、连续的整体演变;研究区景观生态脆弱性逐年下降,高脆弱分布区主要分布在北部的高沙窝镇、花马池镇以及西部的惠安堡镇,低脆弱区主要分布在东南部的麻黄山镇、大水坑镇以及青山乡等地区,且低脆弱区范围由东南向西北延伸;空间自相关Moran’s I大于0.52,表明存在正相关,空间具有显著的集聚性和异质性,且呈现出“东南低,西北高”的分布格局;地理探测器结果显示景观斑块数、破碎度、优势度以及香浓多样性指数是影响研究区生态脆弱性空间异质性的主要因素。

关键词: 生态脆弱性, 时空演变, 空间自相关, 地理探测器, 中国北方农牧交错区

Abstract:

Ecological vulnerability is a current focus of research on global environmental changes and regional sustainable development, as well as of research on ecological civilization construction and green development. In this study, Yanchi County in Ningxia, which is an agro-pastoral area in northern China, was taken as an example. Three remote sensing datasets were collected from 2000 to 2017, and the landscape pattern index method, grid technology, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and geographic detector models were used to assess the ecological vulnerability of the study area. The temporal and spatial patterns and their driving factors were evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that, during the study period, the landscape of Yanchi County was dominated by grassland and cultivated land. Together, the two land types accounted for more than 70% of the total study area. The grassland increased in area each year at an average annual rate of 0.82%. The farm land and unused land decreased in area by 44673.7 and 73033.1 hm², respectively. The woodland, water, and construction land types increased rapidly in area at average annual rates of 2.86%, 2.15%, and 4.80%, respectively. The number of patches of landscape in the study area decreased over time; the degree of fragmentation decreased, and the different land types had good connectivity. Generally, the land types showed regular and continuous evolution, and the ecological vulnerability of the study area decreased each year. Ecologically fragile areas were mainly distributed in Gaoshawo Town and Huamachi Town in the north and Hui’anbu Town in the west. Less ecologically fragile areas were mainly distributed in Mahuangshan Town, Dashuikeng Town, and Qingshan Township in the southeast. The less ecologically fragile area was continuously distributed from southeast to northwest, and the spatial autocorrelation Moran’s I was greater than 0.52, which indicates a positive correlation and represents significant agglomeration and heterogeneity. The results indicated that the number of landscape patches, landscape fragmentation, landscape dominance, and Shannon diversity index are the main influencing factors that affect the spatial heterogeneity of ecological vulnerability in the study area.

Key words: ecological vulnerability, spatiotemporal evolution, spatial autocorrelation, geographic detector, farming pastoral ecotone in north China

黄越,程静,王鹏. 中国北方农牧交错区生态脆弱性时空演变格局与驱动因素——以盐池县为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(4): 1175-1185.

HUANG Yue,CHENG Jing,WANG Peng. Spatiotemporal evolution pattern and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in agro-pastoral region in northern China: A case of Yanchi County in Ningxia[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(4): 1175-1185.

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年份	项目	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地
2000	面积/hm²	214131.27	83211.15	377689.95	9220.58	25777.45	127698.94
2000	比例/%	25.56	9.93	45.08	1.10	3.08	15.24
2008	面积/hm²	189927.18	105415.27	412605.18	11267.99	32484.44	86029.31
2008	比例/%	22.67	12.58	49.25	1.35	3.88	10.27
2017	面积/hm²	169457.57	123698.84	430485.28	12595.88	46825.93	54665.84
2017	比例/%	20.23	14.77	51.39	1.50	5.59	6.53
2000—2008	变化率/%	-0.66	1.57	0.54	1.31	1.53	-1.92
2008—2017	变化率/%	-0.63	1.02	0.25	0.69	2.60	-2.14
2000—2017	变化率/%	-1.23	2.86	0.82	2.15	4.80	-3.36

景观类型	年份	斑块密度/块·hm^-2	边缘密度/m·hm^-2	最大斑块指数/%	平均斑块面积/hm²
耕地	2000	1.426	14.253	13.157	237.542
	2008	1.539	16.557	11.036	212.375
	2017	1.692	17.952	10.268	199.483
林地	2000	0.563	7.442	0.619	56.593
	2008	0.497	6.129	0.843	62.469
	2017	0.423	5.622	1.236	69.342
草地	2000	2.463	22.649	23.548	204.861
	2008	2.169	19.429	25.529	396.483
	2017	1.837	17.449	27.334	475.252
水域	2000	0.359	6.253	0.816	29.354
	2008	0.372	5.972	0.849	35.559
	2017	0.409	6.128	0.926	39.608
建设用地	2000	0.842	0.573	0.428	47.529
	2008	0.719	0.591	0.627	52.267
	2017	0.568	0.463	0.934	59.346
未利用地	2000	0.423	0.396	0.716	27.689
	2008	0.476	0.463	0.529	25.466
	2017	0.545	0.579	0.337	22.537

年份	斑块数/个	面积加权平均形状指数	蔓延度指数	香浓多样性指数	香浓均匀度指数
2000	7647	24.68	59.15	0.91	0.64
2008	7269	21.19	58.49	0.89	0.62
2017	6873	19.43	58.05	0.88	0.61

影响因素	2000年	2008年	2017年
景观斑块数	0.568	0.554	0.561
景观破碎度	0.627	0.593	0.546
景观分离度	0.455	0.376	0.439
景观优势度	0.469	0.522	0.573
景观易损度	0.433	0.416	0.429
香浓多样性指数	0.463	0.522	0.569
香浓均匀度指数	0.326	0.297	0.318
斑块密度指数	0.343	0.357	0.352