旅游业效率与城镇化耦合协调度的时空演变及障碍因素分析——以“一带一路”核心段为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.679

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旅游业与城镇化相互影响日益显著，其耦合协调对提升区域旅游经济高质量发展至关重要。基于旅游业效率与城镇化的耦合作用机理，运用Super-SBM模型、熵值法、耦合协调度及障碍度模型探讨了2000—2022年“一带一路”核心段（陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆和内蒙古6省区）旅游业效率与城镇化耦合协调的时空演变特征及障碍因素。结果表明：（1）6省区旅游业效率均值为0.73，整体处于较低水平；城镇化水平整体稳定增长，省际差异明显。（2）6省区旅游业效率与城镇化耦合协调度由濒临失调趋向初级协调，空间上东南高、西北低，重心呈“东南—东北—西南”偏移，东南部地区集聚逐渐增强。（3）制约旅游业效率与城镇化耦合协调度的关键障碍因子为旅游总收入、旅游总人次、邮电业务总量、普通高等学校在校人数及旅游业从业人员。研究结果为区域旅游业与城镇化高质量协同发展提供了科学依据。

关键词: 旅游业效率, 城镇化, 耦合协调, 时空演变, 障碍因素

Abstract:

The interaction between tourism and urbanization has become increasingly significant, and the coupling coordination of tourism and urbanization is crucial for the promotion of the high-quality development of regional tourism economies. Using the coupling mechanism of tourism efficiency and urbanization with the Super-SBM model, the entropy method, the coupling coordination degree model, and the obstacle degree model, this study explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and the obstacle factors of the coupling of tourism efficiency and urbanization in a core section of the Belt and Road (six provinces, including Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia) from 2000 to 2022. The results show that: (1) The average tourism efficiency of the six provinces is 0.73, which is low; the overall level of urbanization is growing steadily, with obvious inter-provincial differences. (2) The coupling coordination degree of tourism efficiency and urbanization in the six provinces has evolved from a near imbalance to primary coordination, with a spatial pattern of distribution that is higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest, and with a center of gravity showing an offset southeast-northeast-southwest pattern, with the degree of agglomeration to the southeast region gradually increasing. (3) The key obstacle factors constraining the degree of coupling coordination of tourism efficiency and urbanization are total tourism revenue, total number of tourists, total postal and telecommunication businesses, number of students in general higher education institutions, and the amount of employees in the tourism industry. The results of the study provide a scientific basis for the high-quality synergistic development of regional tourism and urbanization.

Key words: tourism efficiency, urbanization, coupling coordination, spatiotemporal evolution, obstacle factors

王生霞, 李茂兰, 刘芮廷. 旅游业效率与城镇化耦合协调度的时空演变及障碍因素分析——以“一带一路”核心段为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(11): 2053-2061.

WANG Shengxia, LI Maolan, LIU Ruiting. Spatiotemporal evolution and obstacle factors of the coupling coordination degree of tourism efficiency and urbanization: A case of the core section of the “Belt and Road”[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(11): 2053-2061.

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目标层	准则层	指标层	属性
旅游业效率	旅游投入	旅游业从业人员（X₁）/人	＋
旅游业效率		旅行社数量（X₂）/家	＋
		星级饭店数量（X₃）/家	＋
	旅游产出	旅游总人次（X₄）/10⁴人	＋
		旅游总收入（X₅）/10⁸元	＋
城镇化	人口城镇化	城镇人口（X₆）/10⁴人	＋
		城镇人口比重（X₇）/%	＋
		第三产业从业人员比重（X₈）/%	＋
	经济城镇化	人均GDP（X₉）/元	＋
		第三产业占GDP比重（X₁₀）/%	＋
		城镇居民人均可支配收入（X₁₁）/元	＋
	社会城镇化	卫生技术人员（X₁₂）/10⁴人	＋
		每万人拥有公共交通车辆数（X₁₃）/标台	＋
		普通高等学校在校人数（X₁₄）/10⁴人	＋
	空间城镇化	邮电业务总量（X₁₅）/10⁴元	＋
		建成区面积（X₁₆）/km²	＋
		人均城市道路面积（X₁₇）/m²	＋
		人均公园绿地面积（X₁₈）/m²	＋

年份	重心坐标	面积 /10⁴ km²	长轴 /km	短轴 /km	方位角 /(°)	扁率
2000	100.88°E，39.48°N	207.56	1180.02	559.95	93.99	0.53
2008	103.99°E，39.01°N	180.70	1014.05	567.26	88.51	0.44
2015	104.50°E，39.18°N	178.49	991.85	572.86	88.30	0.42
2022	104.26°E，38.49°N	159.23	1024.52	494.75	103.25	0.52

省区	障碍因子（障碍度/%）
省区	第一	第二	第三	第四	第五
内蒙古	X₄（16.96）	X₁₅（16.82）	X₅（15.46）	X₁₄（7.73）	X₁（7.28）
陕西	X₁₅（17.21）	X₅（15.86）	X₄（13.47）	X₁（7.67）	X₉（6.21）
甘肃	X₅（15.77）	X₁₅（15.34）	X₄（14.01）	X₁₄（6.70）	X₁（6.64）
青海	X₅（15.02）	X₁₅（14.43）	X₄（14.37）	X₁₄（8.03）	X₁（6.75）
宁夏	X₅（15.24）	X₄（14.51）	X₁₅（14.43）	X₁₄（7.81）	X₁（6.78）
新疆	X₅（16.31）	X₄（16.02）	X₁₅（15.84）	X₁₄（7.75）	X₁（6.65）