宁夏小流域尺度水土资源耦合特征及影响因素

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.611

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水土资源的耦合协调对于小流域生态系统服务功能的可持续发展具有重要意义。以宁夏小流域为研究单元，采用耦合协调度模型对研究区水土资源耦合协调度进行测度，并采用多尺度地理加权回归模型探究了水土资源耦合协调度的影响因素及空间异质性。结果表明：（1） 2005—2020年宁夏小流域水土资源耦合协调度从0.37上升到0.43，区域水土资源匹配程度从失调向协调方向发展。（2）宁夏小流域水土资源耦合协调度呈现出南高北低的空间格局，且2000—2020年南部小流域水土资源耦合协调度的高值区向周边扩展。（3）宁夏小流域的梯田面积占比、县域可达性和年平均降水量对水土资源耦合协调度会产生显著的正向影响，而年平均气温、植被覆盖度和侵蚀强度对小流域的水土资源耦合协调度会起到显著负向影响；相较于宁夏北部小流域，小流域梯田面积占比和年平均气温对宁夏南部小流域的水土资源耦合协调度影响较大，而县域可达性和年平均降水量对宁夏南部小流域水土资源耦合协调度影响较小。研究结果可为宁夏小流域尺度水土保持措施的科学规划提供参考。

关键词: 水土保持, 水土资源耦合, 耦合协调度, 空间相关性, 小流域, 宁夏

Abstract:

The coupling coordination of water and soil resources is of great significance to the sustainable development of ecosystem services in small watersheds. Taking small watersheds of Ningxia, China as the research unit, this study employs the coupling coordination degree model to measure the coupling coordination degree of water-soil resources in the study area. Additionally, the multi-scale geographically weighted regression model is used to explore the influencing factors and spatial heterogeneity of the coupling coordination degree of water-soil resources. The results indicate that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the coupling coordination degree of water-soil resources in small watersheds of Ningxia increased from 0.37 to 0.43, demonstrating a transition from imbalance to coordination in the regional water and soil resource matching degree. (2) The coupling coordination degree of water-soil resources in small watersheds of Ningxia exhibits a spatial pattern of being higher in the south and lower in the north. Furthermore, from 2000 to 2020, areas of water-soil resources having a coupling coordination degree of high value expanded outward in the southern small watersheds. (3) The proportion of terraced field area, county-level accessibility, and annual average precipitation exert a significant positive impact on the coupling coordination degree of water-soil resources, whereas annual average temperature, vegetation coverage, and erosion intensity have a significant negative impact. The proportion of terraced field area and annual average temperature exert a greater influence on the coupling coordination degree of water-soil resources in the southern small watersheds of Ningxia compared to northern ones, while county-level accessibility and annual average precipitation demonstrate a more significant impact on the same coupling coordination degree in the northern small watersheds of Ningxia than in the southern counterparts. The findings of this study provide a scientific reference for the planning of soil and water conservation measures at the small watershed scale in Ningxia.

Key words: soil and water conservation, soil and water resources coupling, coupling coordination degree, spatial relevance, small watersheds, Ningxia

徐建斌, 曹小曙. 宁夏小流域尺度水土资源耦合特征及影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(9): 1531-1540.

XU Jianbin, CAO Xiaoshu. Coupling characteristics and influencing factors of water and soil resources at the small watershed scale in Ningxia[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(9): 1531-1540.

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数据类别	指标	数据来源
土地利用数据	人均耕地面积/km²·人^-1	武汉大学中国土地利用/土地覆被数据（https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5210928）
	耕地面积比例/%	武汉大学中国土地利用/土地覆被数据（https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5210928）
	人均建设用地面积 /km²·人^-1	武汉大学中国土地利用/土地覆被数据（https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5210928）
水土保持措施数据	淤地坝密度/座·km^-2	宁夏回族自治区水利厅
	梯田面积占比/%	宁夏回族自治区水利厅
	生物措施面积占比/%	宁夏回族自治区水利厅
流域社会经济数据	流域人口/人	世界人口统计数据和研究开放数据库（https://www.worldpop.org/）
	流域经济/10⁴元	中国科学院资源环境科学数据平台（https://www.resdc.cn/DOI/DOI.aspx?DOIID=33）
	县域可达性/min	ArcGIS软件结合高德地图API获取
流域自然环境数据	地形起伏度/(°)	全球变化科学研究数据出版系统（https://geodoi.ac.cn/WebCn/doi.aspx?Id=887）
	平均海拔高度/m	地理空间数据云平台（http://www.gscloud.cn/sources/accessdata/310?pid=302）
	年平均气温/℃	中国科学院资源环境科学数据平台（https://www.resdc.cn/DOI/DOI.aspx?DOIID=96）
	年平均降水量/mm	中国科学院资源环境科学数据平台（https://www.resdc.cn/DOI/DOI.aspx?DOIID=96）
	植被覆盖度/%	国家青藏高原科学数据中心（https://www.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/f3bae344-9d4b-4df6-82a0-81499c0f90f7）
	侵蚀强度/t·km^-2·a^-1	国家青藏高原科学数据中心（https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/data/f4593a2d-cd26-45f4-b699-73712eb2d1f3）

耦合协调度	协调类型	耦合协调度	协调类型
[0.0, 0.1)	极度失调	[0.5, 0.6)	勉强协调
[0.1, 0.2)	严重失调	[0.6, 0.7)	初级协调
[0.2, 0.3)	中度失调	[0.7, 0.8)	中级协调
[0.3, 0.4)	轻度失调	[0.8, 0.9)	良好协调
[0.4, 0.5)	濒临失调	[0.9, 1.0]	优质协调

变量	系数平均值	T统计量	P值	方差膨胀因子
截距	0.931	17.167	0.000^***	-
淤地坝密度	-0.033	-0.129	0.897	1.738
梯田面积占比	0.000	3.048	0.002^**	1.698
生物措施面积占比	0.001	0.080	0.936	1.215
流域人口	0.001	-0.367	0.714	3.434
流域经济	-0.001	-1.189	0.235	3.593
县域可达性	0.004	-6.185	0.000^***	1.224
地形起伏度	0.001	2.987	0.200	2.171
平均海拔高度	-0.001	-4.633	0.106	5.106
年平均气温	-0.026	-5.266	0.000^***	4.355
年平均降水量	0.001	25.264	0.000^***	2.917
植被覆盖度	-0.008	-43.164	0.000^***	1.619
侵蚀强度	-0.074	-10.224	0.000^***	1.480