“新疆礼物”的时空分异及其影响机制

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.799

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为商品属性和人文要素统一的旅游综合品牌，打造“新疆礼物”对于强化新疆旅游品牌效应具有引领示范作用。以2013—2022年“新疆礼物”1563件入选商品为研究样本，运用空间分析技术和地理探测器模型，基于县域尺度分析“新疆礼物”的结构形态、时空分异与影响机制。结果表明：（1）“新疆礼物”类型结构完善且数量差异明显，传统工艺品和农林牧渔类数量较多；各类型商品结构稳定，菜品饮食类增幅最大、传统工艺品增幅最小。（2）“新疆礼物”呈现“北多南少、西强东弱”的空间结构，2013—2022年空间集聚经历“先增强后减弱”的变化过程，集聚程度趋向减弱，总体核密度具有“单核多点”的“核心-边缘”结构特征，各类型商品空间密度差异显著。（3）旅游收入、规模以上工业企业数、旅游接待总人数与社会消费品零售总额是影响“新疆礼物”时空分异的关键因子，体现市场需求拉动→经济社会驱动的转变趋势，影响维度排序为市场需求>经济社会>资源禀赋。（4）建构“新疆礼物”时空分异的影响机制，资源禀赋是内在基础，经济社会是基本保障，市场需求是外部驱动。

关键词: “新疆礼物”, 旅游商品, 时空分异, 影响机制

Abstract:

“Xinjiang Gifts” is a comprehensive tourism brand established by the government through selecting products from various enterprises in accordance with relevant documents, integrating both commodity attributes and cultural/humanistic elements. This study uses 1563 selected commodities from “Xinjiang Gifts” (2013—2022) as research samples and applies spatial analysis techniques and the geodetector method to examine the structural patterns, spatiotemporal differentiation, and influencing mechanisms of “Xinjiang Gifts” at the county level in Xinjiang. The results show that (1) The category structure of “Xinjiang Gifts” is diverse, with notable quantitative differences—traditional handicrafts and agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery products dominate in number. The structure of each category remains stable, with the largest increase observed in the food and culinary product category and the lowest increase in traditional handicrafts. (2) “Xinjiang Gifts” generally exhibit a spatial distribution pattern of “more in the north and fewer in the south, stronger in the west and weaker in the east”. The spatial agglomeration first increased from 2013 to 2019 and then weakened after 2019, indicating an overall weakening trend. The kernel density distribution reveals a core-edge structure characterized which decrease outward from the central cities of each prefecture-level region, with notable spatial heterogeneity among commodity types. (3) The key drivers of the spatiotemporal differentiation of “Xinjiang Gifts” are tourism revenue, the number of industrial enterprises above designated size, the total number of visitors, and the total retail sales of consumer goods. These factors reflect a transition from a market demand-driven to a economic societydriven pattern, with the influence dimensions ranked as market demand>economic society>resource endowment. (4) The influence mechanism of “Xinjiang Gifts” is constructed such that resource endowment serves as the internal foundation, the economic society acts as the institutional guarantee, and market demand functions as the external driving force.

Key words: “Xinjiang Gifts”, tourism commodities, spatiotemporal differentiation, influence mechanism

白洋, 包洁, 刘晓燕, 陈明珠, 许文娜. “新疆礼物”的时空分异及其影响机制[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(11): 2042-2052.

BAI Yang, BAO Jie, LIU Xiaoyan, CHEN Mingzhu, XU Wenna. Spatiotemporal differentiation and influencing mechanism of “Xinjiang Gifts”[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(11): 2042-2052.

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年份	入选企业数量/家	入选商品数量/个	年份	入选企业数量/家	入选商品数量/个
2013	93	184	2021（第一批）	58	134
2014	79	153	2021（第二批）	26	172
2015	93	181	2022（第三批）	30	141
2016	116	168	2022（第四批）	51	241
2019	124	189	总计	670	1563

年份	总体	果类	农林牧渔	传统工艺品	日用工业品	中草药商品	菜品饮食	酒类	其他
2013	0.251	0.104	-0.100	0.038	0.791^**	0.048	-0.055	-0.109	-0.120
2019	0.502^**	0.188^*	0.181^*	0.438^**	0.552^**	-0.061	0.053	0.037	0.077
2022	0.272^**	0.043	0.254^**	0.377^**	0.155^**	-0.056	0.134^*	0.085	0.086

年份	“高-高”集聚区	“低-低”集聚区	“低-高”集聚区	“高-低”集聚区
2013	乌鲁木齐市头屯河区、玛纳斯县、昌吉市等7个县域	无	奎屯市、乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区、乌鲁木齐县等7个县域	伊宁市
2019	乌鲁木齐市头屯河区、天山区、克拉玛依区等13个县域	喀什市、莎车县、塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县等15个县域	博湖县、福海县、布克赛尔蒙古自治县等17个县域	和田市
2022	乌鲁木齐市头屯河区、天山区、五家渠市等14个县域	阿拉山口市、塔城市、额敏县等8个县域	石河子市、乌鲁木齐市达坂城区、乌鲁木齐县等9个县域	伊宁市、哈密市伊州区、阿克苏市

维度层	平均权重	指标层	平均权重
资源禀赋（X）	0.087	旅游资源丰度（X₁）/分	0.038
		地理标志产品数量（X₂）/个	0.035
		非遗数量（X₃）/个	0.026
经济社会（Y）	0.449	人口规模（Y₁）/10⁴人	0.081
		地区生产总值（Y₂）/10⁸元	0.173
		规模以上工业企业数量（Y₃）/个	0.096
市场需求（Z）	0.464	旅游接待总人数（Z₁）/10⁴人	0.124
		旅游收入（Z₂）/10⁸元	0.192
		社会消费品零售总额（Z₃）/10⁸元	0.237

维度层	q值均值	指标层	q值
维度层	q值均值	指标层	2013年	2019年	2022年	均值
X	0.345	X₁	0.517	0.233	0.175	0.308
		X₂	0.457	0.165	0.162	0.261
		X₃	0.449	0.431	0.434	0.438
Y	0.446	Y₁	0.462	0.438	0.433	0.445
		Y₂	0.300	0.560	0.500	0.453
		Y₃	0.613	0.582	0.512	0.569
Z	0.562	Z₁	0.613	0.542	0.489	0.548
		Z₂	0.611	0.720	0.494	0.609
		Z₃	0.528	0.494	0.488	0.503