关中地区传统村落的聚落发展与文化传承共生协调评价及交互作用研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.062

Abstract

Abstract:

Traditional villages possess the unique attributes of rural settlements and living heritage. This study examines 14 typical traditional villages in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, China using a symbiotic perspective to construct an evaluation index system for assessing the interplay between settlement development and cultural inheritance. By employing the K-modes clustering model, we categorized these villages and utilized partial least squares regression to analyze their interactions. The findings reveal that the overall symbiosis level between settlement development and cultural inheritance in the case villages is at a “primary” stage, with both elements exhibiting lower levels of development; however, cultural inheritance is notably more unbalanced. Key impediments to settlement development include a lack of population vitality and economic progression, while challenges to cultural inheritance stem from inadequate preservation of physical spaces and insufficient utilization of traditional cultural revitalization efforts. More than half of the case villages fall into the balanced symbiosis category, followed by the internalization and enhancement category, with a minority being cultural tourism-oriented. The interactions between settlement development and cultural inheritance include both positive incentives and negative inhibitions, with positive influences predominating. This research provides a theoretical framework and technological support for fostering symbiotic and coordinated development between settlement enhancement and cultural heritage in traditional villages.

Key words: traditional villages, settlement development, cultural inheritance, symbiotic evaluation, interaction, partial least squares regression

RAN Xinyi, WEI Fengqun, MA Wenshuo, YANG Leijie. Evaluation of symbiotic coordination and interaction between settlement development and cultural inheritance of traditional villages in Guanzhong[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(8): 1431-1442.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

Symbiosis evaluation index system for settlement development and cultural inheritance of traditional villages"

共生单元	一级指标	二级指标	指标含义	权重	属性	来源
聚落发展（Z）	人口活力	常住比例（X₁）	常住人口占总人口比例	0.122	正向	Ⅰ^[1,29]
		人口结构（X₂）	村落2022年65岁以上人口比例	0.047	逆向	Ⅰ^[30]、Ⅲ
		教育程度（X₃）	村落15岁以上人口平均教育年限	0.054	正向	Ⅰ^[30-31]
	经济发展	农业生产（X₄）	人均耕地面积/hm²·人^-1	0.058	正向	Ⅰ^[32]
		文旅产业（X₅）	周边3 km范围内文旅产业数量	0.150	正向	Ⅳ
		人均收入（X₆）	村落2022年人均收入/元	0.131	正向	Ⅰ^[1,30,32]
	生态宜居	住宅质量（X₇）	建筑质量分析	0.069	正向	Ⅳ
		设施配套（X₈）	传统村落各项服务设施的完善程度	0.068	正向	Ⅰ^[1,33]、Ⅲ
		环境品质（X₉）	村民、调查者村落环境品质打分	0.118	正向	Ⅰ^[3]
	发展治理	乡村治理（X₁₀）	村落居民对于村委会治理情况打分	0.070	正向	Ⅳ
		村民参与（X₁₁）	近一年来村民参与决策事项次数	0.061	正向	Ⅰ^[1,33]
		发展愿景（X₁₂）	村落居民对传统村落未来发展期盼打分	0.053	正向	Ⅳ
文化传承（Y）	物质空间	建筑原真性（X₁₃）	传统村落建筑原始遗留程度	0.073	正向	Ⅰ^[3,29]
		建筑多样性（X₁₄）	村落传统建筑功能种类（居住、传统商业、防御、驿站、祠堂、庙宇、书院、楼塔及其他种类）	0.102	正向	Ⅱ
		风貌协调度（X₁₅）	传统村落风貌完整和协调程度	0.095	正向	Ⅰ^[3]、Ⅱ
	活化利用	民俗多样性（X₁₆）	省级每项1分；国家级每项2分	0.141	正向	Ⅰ^[29,33-34]、Ⅱ
		场所利用度（X₁₇）	一年内传统村落公共空间开展民俗活动频次	0.070	正向	Ⅰ^[33]、Ⅲ
		文化影响力（X₁₈）	非遗、非遗传承人、经济活动、景区、游客综合打分	0.170	正向	Ⅰ^[3,33]、Ⅲ
	情感延续	情感依恋度（X₁₉）	村民对传统村落是否存在依恋	0.108	正向	Ⅰ^[28,35]
		发展认同度（X₂₀）	村民对传统村落文化价值是否认同	0.109	正向	Ⅰ^[28,34]
		潜力感知度（X₂₁）	村民、调查者对传统村落发展的潜力感知	0.132	正向	Ⅰ^[28]

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 5

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村落名称	地理位置	入选批次	村落名称	地理位置	入选批次
仁宗村	西安市	第六批	周原村	渭南市	第五批
穆柯寨村	西安市	第六批	党家村	渭南市	第一批
上善村	渭南市	第六批	尧头村	渭南市	第二批
大寨村	渭南市	第四批	莲湖村	渭南市	第二批
灵泉村	渭南市	第二批	孙塬村	铜川市	第一批
南长益村	渭南市	第三批	柏社村	咸阳市	第二批
清水村	渭南市	第二批	西秦村	宝鸡市	第六批

共生协调度	协调等级	共生水平
0.0~0.2	严重失调	无共生
0.2~0.4	濒临失调	勉强共生
0.4~0.6	初级协调	初级共生
0.6~0.8	中级协调	中级共生
0.8~1.0	良好协调	优良共生

目标	准则	传统村落
目标	准则	仁宗村	穆柯寨村	上善村	大寨村	灵泉村	南长益村	清水村	周原村	党家村	尧头村	莲湖村	孙塬村	柏社村	西秦村
聚落发展	人口活力	0.97	10.79	9.66	9.46	11.60	13.11	4.36	18.00	14.24	7.47	7.85	9.67	14.31	11.77
	经济发展	6.77	8.57	7.40	9.58	3.99	6.43	6.19	25.68	12.16	8.59	14.64	10.77	3.42	13.50
	生态宜居	16.95	19.57	20.93	19.07	19.90	19.15	15.13	18.19	18.54	18.56	14.24	15.66	13.22	19.90
	发展治理	7.25	12.60	12.22	10.30	11.87	13.51	8.51	8.42	9.10	9.32	10.32	10.12	10.24	10.35
	总分	31.94	51.53	50.21	48.41	47.36	52.20	34.19	70.29	54.04	43.94	47.05	46.22	41.19	55.52
文化传承	物质空间	9.92	10.69	15.17	14.04	15.17	7.58	13.07	9.75	24.68	15.65	16.58	9.17	15.98	10.29
	活化利用	6.42	10.52	6.76	9.89	9.50	9.20	6.36	10.92	33.80	18.13	8.38	10.34	20.66	7.33
	情感延续	23.14	25.59	27.43	28.10	26.28	22.01	24.34	24.50	27.93	26.64	25.24	23.57	27.83	24.14
	总分	39.48	46.80	49.36	52.03	50.95	38.79	43.77	45.17	86.41	60.42	50.20	43.08	64.47	41.76
共生协调度		0.00	0.41	0.43	0.45	0.41	0.29	0.10	0.63	1.00	0.49	0.40	0.28	0.49	0.38

要素	要素指标变化特征	要素	要素指标变化特征
聚落发展	S^-：常住人口逐渐减少，老龄化严重，人口活力较低，人均收入较低，经济发展滞后，服务设施不完善，环境品质不好，生态宜居指数较差，发展治理水平较差	文化传承	H^-：传统建筑保存度较差，风貌不协调，民风民俗保存较少，村民对于传统村落情感依恋、价值认同度低
	S：常住人口处于波动状态，人口活力一般，经济发展水平一般，生态宜居指数一般，发展治理水平一般		H：传统村落建筑保存良好，风貌较为协调，民俗活动举办频次较低，村民对传统村落情感依恋、价值认同度一般
	S⁺：常住人口处于波动状态，老龄化程度较轻，人口活力较高，文旅产业发展较好，经济发展水平较高，服务设施完善，生态宜居指数较好，发展治理水平较好		H⁺：传统建筑数量种类功能繁多，民风民俗活动举办频繁，具备一定的文化影响力，村民对传统村落情感依恋、价值认同度较高

Evaluation of symbiotic coordination and interaction between settlement development and cultural inheritance of traditional villages in Guanzhong

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