近30 a 浑善达克沙地沙漠化时空演变特征及驱动机制研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.12

Abstract

Abstract:

The Hunshandake Sandy Land, as one of the most serious desertification areas in northern China, has been listed as a national key ecological environment construction area. A series of policies to control sand dust sources and restore the ecological environment in the Hunshandake Sandy Land has been implemented, such as returning farmland to forest and grassland and forbidding and restricting grazing, so as to curb the development momentum of desertification and improve the regional ecological environment. However, the ecological environment of the Hunshandake Sandy Land is fragile and, coupled with significant climate change, unreasonable land use patterns, excessive reclamation, grazing, and other phenomena, has not completely improved, resulting in the ecological environment of the area still facing problems. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the process of desertification and its influencing factors. The desertification index was calculated and the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of desertification were studied in five remote sensing imagery periods of the Hunshandake Sandy Land from 1985 to 2017 using eCognition 9.0 and an object-oriented computer automatic classification method; further, the driving mechanism of desertification was studied using principal component analysis. In this paper, the research period of the Hunshandake Sandy Land desertification has been extended, the data have been updated (desertification data for 2017 were added), and the driving mechanism research has been synchronized with the desertification cycle. The results show that the desertification land area of the Hunshandake Sandy Land increased and then decreased over the last 30 years, with a turning point in 2002. The area of mild desertification first decreased and then increased (from 42.1% to 20.9% and then to 32.1%), mainly in the east. Moderate desertification tended to increase gradually (from 20.6% to 39.0%) and is distributed in the central region. However, severe desertification decreased from 30.3% to 22.6%. Extreme desertification first increased and then decreased, increasing from 7.0% to 16.0% and then decreasing to 6.3%, and is distributed in the west and southwest and has gradually moved to the northwest. Overall, the spatial distribution of the desertification degree decreases from west to east. The development process of desertification in the Hunshandake Sandy Land has been greatly influenced by human factors, while natural factors play an auxiliary role. Of the human factors, the contribution rate of total population, GDP, and three industries to the principal component is higher than 0.9, while the contribution rates of the livestock carrying capacity and cultivated land area have reached 0.694 and 0.803, respectively, having a significant impact on desertification. Increasing precipitation and decreasing wind speed can alleviate desertification to some extent. The contribution rates of precipitation and the annual maximum wind speed to the principal component are 0.851 and 0.957, respectively. The land contract responsibility system implemented in 1980 and a series of ecological and environmental protection policies implemented by the state after 2000 play a key role in the Hunshandake Sandy Land switching from growth to mitigation. Therefore, in the process of desertification control, we need to implement policies of returning farmland to forest and grass and grazing prohibition and restriction to decrease the desertification of the Hunshandake Sandy Land and to promote the healthy development of the regional ecological environment.

Key words: desertification, spatial-temporal characteristics, driving mechanism, Hunshandake Sandy Land

TONG Liga,NING Xiaoli,ZHANG Jing,ZHANG Xuefeng. Spatial-temporal variation and driving mechanism of desertification in Hunshandake (Otindag) Sandy Land in recent 30 years[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(4): 992-1002.

Figures/Tables 7

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Tab. 3

References 43

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类别	SDI值
极度沙漠化土地	SDI≤0.3730
重度沙漠化土地	0.3730<SDI≤0.4965
中度沙漠化土地	0.4965<SDI≤0.6414
轻度沙漠化土地	0.6414<SDI≤0.8024
非沙漠化土地	0.8024<SDI≤1.0977

类型	轻度沙漠化土地	中度沙漠化土地	重度沙漠化土地	极度沙漠化土地	非沙漠化土地	总计
轻度沙漠化土地	9282.6	3802.8	233.0	2.2	2239.1	15559.7
中度沙漠化土地	1056.9	5439.5	1002.3	40.1	55.4	7594.2
重度沙漠化土地	273.4	4341.8	5342.4	1201.7	35.9	11195.2
极度沙漠化土地	8.3	305.5	1397.5	849.5	30.1	2590.9
非沙漠化土地	919.4	142.8	136.1	190.4	3311.4	4700.1
总计	11540.6	14032.4	8111.3	2283.9	5671.9	41640.1

变量	PC1	PC2	PC3
年降水量（X1）	-0.125	0.851	0.079
年平均气温（X2）	0.547	-0.286	0.612
年平均风速（X3）	-0.542	0.553	-0.458
年最大风速（X4）	-0.957	0.134	-0.018
年末总人口（X5）	0.968	-0.013	0.160
耕地面积（X6）	0.319	0.293	0.803
载畜量（X7）	-0.476	0.694	0.498
国内生产总值（X8）	0.930	0.248	-0.232
第一产业（X9）	0.960	0.217	-0.125
第二产业（X10）	0.898	0.290	-0.261
第三产业（X11）	0.917	0.263	-0.211
特征根	6.226	1.959	1.691
贡献率/%	56.600	17.800	15.400
累计贡献率/%	56.600	74.400	89.800

Spatial-temporal variation and driving mechanism of desertification in Hunshandake (Otindag) Sandy Land in recent 30 years

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