渭河上游天水东段全新世古洪水水文学恢复研究

Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, palaeoflood hydrological investigations were carried out in the upper reaches of Weihe River which is a major tributary of the Yellow River and noted for the earliest cradles of Chinese civilization. Four bedsets of Holocene palaeoflood slackwater deposits were found interbedded within the cliff riverbanks at HNC profile of the river. During field investigations, palaeoflood SWD was identified by a variety of scientific sedimentological criteria including color, texture and structure of the extraordinary flood deposits; besides, the chronology, sedimentary features, and hydrological characteristics were also observed and recorded. Later in laboratory, characteristics of the particle-size distribution, magnetic susceptibility, percentage composition of calcium carbonate and loss on ignition were further analyzed. Results show that these four bedsets slackwater deposits recorded the extraordinary floods happened between 1800-1600 a BP on the river over the Holocene by using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating method in combination with pedostratigraphy correlations, checking by historical relics of the human from profiles. This indicates that the extraordinary floods happened during the dynasties of Eastern Han to Three Kingdoms in Chinese history, when grievous floods and droughts were caused by many years of price war according to the record of Historical documents. The estimated results indicated that the palaeoflood peak discharges were between 11420 m³·s^-1 and 20100 m³·s^-1 by using HEC-RAS model. Thirteen cross-sections were selected in one kilometer along the river reach, and the roughness values included three segments, channel, left riverbank and right riverbank. The sensitivity test on the model showed an error between -10.99% to 8.79% with the same hydrological parameters, which was much smaller than that by the slope-area methods. Relation between catchment area and the peak discharges indicates that the results were reasonable and scientific. Using the palaeoflood discharge data, gauged data and historical flood information, peak discharges-frequency curves of the Nanhechuan gauge station on Weihe River at 10000 year time scale were analyzed. This research improved the accuracy of the flood frequency calculation and prolonged flood data time series from decades to millennia in Weihe River. The results provided important basis for this region's hydraulic engineering construction, traffic engineering construction, water resource management, the flood control, and disaster mitigation project.

Key words: palaeoflood, Holocene, HEC-RAS model, hydrological reconstruction, Weihe River

CLC Number:

P531

SHI Bin-nan, HUANG Chun-chang, PANG Jiang-li, ZHA Xiaochun, LIU Tao, LIU Wen-jin. Hydrological reconstructions of the Holocene Palaeoflood in the Tianshui East Reach of the upper Weihe River[J]., 2016, 39(3): 573-581.

References

[1] 詹道江,谢悦波. 古洪水研究[M]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001:1-83.[ZHAN Daojiang,XIE Yuebo. Palaeoflood study[M]. Beijing:Water ChinaWater & Power Press,2001:1-83.]

[2] BAKER V.R. Palaeoflood hydrology in a global context[J]. Catena, 2006,66(1-2):161-168.

[3] SRIDHAR A. A mid-late Holocene flood record from the alluvial reach of the Mahi River,Western India[J]. Catena,2007,70:330-339.

[4] BAKER V R. Paleoflood hydrology:origin,progress,prospects[J]. Geomorphology,2008,101:1-13.

[5] 张琼华,赵景波. 近50 a渭河流域洪水成因分析及防治对策[J]. 中国沙漠,2006,26(1):117-121.[ZHANG Qionghua, ZHAO Jingbo. Causes of floods in past fifty years in Weihe River Basin and their control measures[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2006,26(1):117-121.]

[6] 阴雷鹏,肖攀,赵景波,等. 渭河距今70年以来洪水演变研究[J]. 安徽农业科学,2010,38(22):11995-11997.[YIN Leipeng, XIAO Pan,ZHAO Jingbo,et al. Study of flood change of Weihe River over the past 70 years[J]. Journal of Anhui Agri,2010,38(22):11995-11997.]

[7] 王旭仙,孙一民,赵奎锋,等. 渭河流域洪水灾害特征分析[J]. 灾害学,2003,18(1):42-46.[WANG Xuxian,SUN Yimin, ZHAO Kuifeng,et al. An analysis of characteristics of flood disasters in Weihe River Valley[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2003,18(1):42-46.]

[8] 李勇,董雪娜,张晓华,等. 黄河水沙特征变化研究[M]. 郑州:黄河水利出版社,2004:201-274.[LI Yong,DONG Xuena, ZHANG Xiaohua,et al. Runoff sedimentary characteristics change research[M]. Zhengzhou:The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,2004:201-274.]

[9] 张琼华,赵景波. 渭河流域洪水灾害关键因素分析及防治对策[J]. 干旱区研究,2005,22(4):485-490.[ZHANG Qionghua, ZHAO Jingbo. Analysis on the main factors resulting in flood disasters in the Weihe River Watershed and control measures[J]. Arid Zone Research,2005,22(4):485-490.]

[10] 张弊. 渭河洪涝灾害的根源和防治对策[J]. 陕西水土保持, 2005,153(1):12-23.[ZHANG Bi. Study on the causes and prevent measures foe the flooding disasters in the Weihe River[J]. Shaanxi Soil andWater Conservation,2005,153(1):12-23.]

[11] 王国庆,王云璋. 渭河流域产流产沙模型及径流泥沙变化原因分析[J]. 水土保持学报,2000,(4):22-25.[WANG Guoqing, WANG Yunzhang. Analysis on causes of runoff and sediment variation in Weihe Basin based on hydrological model[J]. Journal of Soil andWater Conservation.2000,(4):22-25.]

[12] 和宛琳,徐宗学. 渭河流域气温与蒸发量时空分布及其变化趋势分析[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(1) 102-106.[HE Wanlin,XU Zongxue. Spatial and temporal characteristics of the long-term trend for temperature and pan evaporation in theWei River Basin[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2006,42(1):102-106.]

[13] 王宏,陈志军,冉大川. 渭河流域产流模型及水资源利用探讨[J]. 西北水资源与水工程,1995,6(1):82-92.[WANG Hong, CHEN Zhijun,RAN Dachuan. The runoff yield model and water resource utilization in the Weihe River Basin[J]. Water Resources &Water Engineering,1995,6(1):82-92.]

[14] 刘科,查小春,黄春长,等. 秦岭南北河流不同尺度特大洪水对比研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2015,38(3):494-501.[LIU Ke,ZHA Xiaochun,HUANG Chunchang,et al. A comparative study of floods of main rivers on both sides of Qinling Mountains in different timescale[J]. Arid Land Geography,2015,38(3):494-501.]

[15] 李晓刚,黄春长,庞奖励. 丹江上游全新世早起古洪水滞流沉积物粒度特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2014,37(4):646-655.[LI Xiaogang,HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli. Grain-size characteristics of the early Holocene flood slackwater deposits in the upper reach of Danjiang River[J]. Arid land Geography, 2014,37(4):646-655.]

[16] HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli,ZHA Xiaochun,et al. Impact of monsoonal climate change on Holocene overbank flooding along Sushui River,middle reach of the Yellow River,China[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2007,(26):2247-2264.

[17] HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli,ZHA Xiaochun,et al. Extraordinary Floods of 4100-4000 a BP recorded at the Late Neolithic Ruins in the Jinghe River Gorges,Middle Reach of the Yellow River,China[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,2009,(28):2633-2646.

[18] 葛兆帅. 长江上游全新世特大洪水对西南季风变化的响应[J]. 地理研究,2009,28(3):592-600.[GE Zhaoshuai. The response of Holocene extreme floods in the upper Changjiang River to changes of southwest monsoon[J]. Geographical Reaearch, 2009,28(3):592-600.]

[19] 朱向峰,黄春长,万红莲,等. 黄河中游马莲河历史与现代洪痕沉积于水文学研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2012,35(5):764-771.[ZHU Xiangfeng,HUANG Chunchang,WAN Honglian,et al. Sedimentological and hydrological studies of flood deposit along Malianhe River in middle Yellow River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2012,35(5):764-771.]

[20] HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli,ZHA Xiaochun,et al. Sedimentary records of extraordinary floods at the ending of the mid-Holocene climatic optimum along the Upper Weihe River, China[J]. The Holocene,2011,22(6):675-686.

[21] 胡贵明,黄春长,周亚利,等. 伊河龙门峡段全新世古洪水和历史洪水水文学重建[J]. 地理学报,2015,70(7):1165-1176.[HU Guiming,HUANG Chunchang,ZHOU Yali,et al. Hydrological reconstruction of Holocene palaeofloods and historical floods in the Longmen Gorge of the Yihe River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(7):1165-1176.]

[22] US Army Crops of Engineers HEC. HEC-RAS River Analysis System Hydraulic Reference Manual[M]. Davis,California, USA,2010.

[23] GARYW. HEC-RAS User's Manual[M]. Davis,CA:U S Army Corps of Engineers,2010.

[24] 陈建峰,王颖,李洋. HEC-RAS模型在洪水模拟中的应用[J]. 东北水利水电,2006,(11):12-13.[CHEN Jianfeng,WANG Yin,LI Yang. Application of HEC-RAS model in simulation of flood[J]. Water Resources & Hydropower of Northeast China, 2006(11):12-13.]

[25] 黄河水利委员会水文局. 黄河水文志[M]. 郑州:河南人民出版社,1996:245-271.[Hydrological Bureau,Yellow River Conservany Commission. Hydrological chorography of the Yellow River[M]. Zhengzhou:Henan People's Publishing House.1996:245-271.]

[26] 殷淑燕,黄春长,查小春. 论极端性洪水灾害与全球气候变化-以汉江和渭河洪水灾害为例[J]. 自然灾害学报,2012,21(5):41-48.[YIN Shuyan,HUANG Chunchang,ZHA Xiaochun. On extreme flood disasters and global climate change:a case study of floodings of Hanjiang River and Weihe River[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2012,21(5):41-48.]

[27] 查小春,黄春长,庞奖励,等. 汉江上游郧西段全新世古洪水事件研究[J]. 地理学报,2012,67(5):97-106.[ZHA Xiaochun, HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli,et al. The Holocene Palaeoflood Events in the Yunxi Reach in the Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinca,2012,67(5):97-106.]

[28] 李瑜琴,黄春长,查小春,等. 泾河中游龙山文化晚期特大洪水水文学研究[J]. 地理学报,2009,64(5):541-542.[LI Yuqin, HUANG Chunchang,ZHA Xiaochun,et al. Palaeoflood occurrence in the late period of the Longshan Culture in the middle reaches of the Jinghe River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinca,2009, 64(5):541-542.]

[29] 姚平,黄春长,庞奖励,等. 北洛河中游黄陵洛川段全新世古洪水研究[J]. 地理学报,2008,63(5):80-88.[YAO Ping,HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli,et al. Palaeoflood hydrological studies in the middle reaches of the Beiluohe River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinca,2008,63(5):80-88.]

[30] 武汉水利电力学院水力学教研室. 水力学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,1986:335-336.[Hydraulics Teaching and Research Office, Wuhan Institute of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,Hydraulics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,1986:335-336.]

[31] 长江流域规划办公室水文局,水文测验学术讨论论文选集[M]. 贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1983.[Hydrological Bureau, Yangtze Valley Planning Office. Proceedings of hydrological monitoring[M]. Guiyang:Guizhou People's Publishing House, 1983.]

[32] 薛小燕,查小春,黄春长,等. 河道糙率系数变化对全新世古洪水流量计算的影响研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2015,38(20):292-297.[XUE Xiaoyan,ZHA Xiaochun,HUANG Chunchang, et al. Influence of channel roughness coefficient on the Holocene palaeoflood discharge calculation[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2015,38(20):292-297.]

[33] 史辅成,易元俊,慕平. 黄河历史洪水调查考证和研究[M]. 郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002:81-123.[SHI Fucheng,YI Yuanjun, MU Ping. The investigation research and study historical flood events'of the Yellow River[M]. Zhengzhou:The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,2002:81-123.]

[34] 邢大韦,张玉芳,粟晓玲. 对2003年陕西渭河洪水的思考[J]. 水利与建筑工程学报,2004,2(1):1-4.[XING Dawei,ZHANG Yufang,SU Xiaoling. Thought about flood of Weihe River in Shaanxi in 2003[J]. Journal ofWater Resources and Architectural Engineering,2004,2(1):1-4.]

Hydrological reconstructions of the Holocene Palaeoflood in the Tianshui East Reach of the upper Weihe River

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	YANG Rui, LI Jianyong, WANG Ninglian, CHEN Xiaojun, DU Jianfeng, LIU Jianbo, HAN Yueting. Holocene sediment element geochemical records and their paleoenvironmental significance in Wenquan area of western Tianshan Mountains [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(6): 900-910.
[2]	XU Yujie, LIU Bing, SUN Aijun, WANG Keqi, LI Dongxue, ZHAO Hui. Research progress of Holocene environmental evolution in the Gurbantunggut Desert and its surrounding areas [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(4): 550-562.
[3]	CHENG Jing,WANG Peng,CHEN Hongxiang,HAN Yonggui. Spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality in the Weihe River Basin and its topographic gradient effects and influencing factors [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(3): 481-491.
[4]	DENG Tiantian, GENG Guangpo, YANG Rui, ZHANG Bao. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of high temperature and heat wave in the Weihe River Basin from 1980 to 2020 [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(2): 211-221.
[5]	MA Yunqiang, LIU Rui, LI Zhizhong, JIN Jianhui, ZOU Xiaojun, TAN Dianjia, TAO Tonglian. Holocene environmental evolution recorded by sedimentation on the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(10): 1663-1679.
[6]	HU Feng,ZHANG Yan,GUO Yu,ZHANG Panpan,LYU Shuai,ZHANG Changchun. Spatial and temporal changes in land use and habitat quality in the Weihe River Basin based on the PLUS and InVEST models and predictions [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(4): 1125-1136.
[7]	ZHANG Feng,XIA Qianqian,Dilibaier Tuersun,LIU Jianzong. Holocene hydrology and environment changes in the Keriya River Delta in 13.8-2.3 ka in Taklimakan Desert: Inferred from the stratigraphy [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(1): 178-187.
[8]	WANG Guang-peng, ZHA Xiao-chun, HUANG Chun-chang, PANG Jiang-li, ZHANG Guo-fang. Palaeoflood research in Yunxian section of the upper reaches of Hanjiang River in the Northern Song Dynasty [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(4): 967-976.
[9]	ZOU Lei, YU Jiang-you, XIA Jun, WANG Fei-yu. Temporalspatial variation characteristics of droughtin the Weihe River Basin based on SPEI [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(2): 329-338.
[10]	LI Xiao-gang, HUANG Chun-chang, PANG Jiang-li. Palaeoflood events in the lower reaches of the Wudinghe River [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(2): 380-387.
[11]	FENG Xing, GUO Jian-qing, SUN Dong-yong, CAO Yang. Climate change characteristics in Weihe River Basin from 1960 to 2015 [J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(4): 718-725.
[12]	DUAN Yan-wu, SUN Qing, XIE Man-man, HOU Ju-zhi, LIANG Jie, LI Guo-qiang, CHEN Fa-hu. Holocene temperature changes in arid Central Asia revealed by GDGTs of loesspaleosol sequence in Tianshan Mountains [J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(3): 528-535.
[13]	WANG Zhao-duo, HUANG Chun-chang, ZHA Xiao-chun, PANG Jiang-li, ZHOU Ya-li, LI Xiao-gang. Palaeoflood sedimentological and hydrological study of the Luzhuang section in the upper reaches of Huaihe River [J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 325-333.
[14]	TANG Jin-nian, DING Feng, ZHANG Jin-hu, SU Zhi-zhu, SUN Tao. BL section recording process of rapid climate change event of Holocene at southeastern edge of the Kumtagh Desert [J]. , 2017, 40(6): 1171-1178.
[15]	HU Ying, HUANG Chun-chang, ZHOU Ya-li, PANG Jiang-li, ZHA Xiao-chun, GUO Yong-qiang, SHI Bin-nan. Hydrological studies of the Holocene palaeoflood in the Taohe River Basin of the upper Yellow River [J]. , 2017, 40(5): 1029-1037.