古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沉积记录的全新世环境演变

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.596

Abstract

Abstract:

The southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert is located in the intersection area of wind-water forces with a unique sedimentary environment and sensitive response to climatic change. This makes the area ideal to study the Holocene environmental evolution of the northwest desert of China.Three aeolian-alluvial interactive stratigraphic profiles in the desert-oasis transitional zone of the southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert were selected. Based on field observation of the lithological characteristics and sedimentary sequences, the age scale was established using optically stimulated luminescence dating. Herein, combined with the comparative analysis of particle size parameters, magnetic parameters, and surface micromorphology characteristics of quartz particles, the sedimentary environmental evolution process since the Holocene in the study area was comprehensively discriminated. The result showed that the stratigraphic sequences in the study area mainly reflect the prevalence and recession of river and wind-sand processes, exhibiting obvious characteristics of contemporaneous heterogeneity. Moreover, alluvial deposits were dominant in the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains from 11.8 ka to 10.2 ka, and braided rivers penetrated the desert with local fluvial deposits. From 10.2 ka to 6.0 ka, the study area entered into the Holocene optimum, and the desert retreated northward with widespread lakes and wetlands. Furthermore, the study area has experienced weak alluvial deposits and frequent wind-sand activities from 6 ka to the present, and the desert environment alternated with the river environment. In the past millennium, the sedimentary environment of the study area has exhibited the characteristics of increased wind-sand activity and river alluvial atrophy, along with the Gurbantunggut Desert showing an overall trend of southward invasion and expansion. The change of strength and position of westerly circulation mainly controlled the emergence of the Holocene humid environment in the study area. Additionally, the coupling between the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation and the Tianshan Glacier and the climatic fluctuation caused by the Northern Atlantic ice-rafted debris event were crucial factors affecting the sedimentary environment of the study area in the Holocene.

Key words: Holocene, sedimentary environment change, climatic evolution, aeolian-alluvial alternative deposition, Gurbantunggut Desert

MA Yunqiang, LIU Rui, LI Zhizhong, JIN Jianhui, ZOU Xiaojun, TAN Dianjia, TAO Tonglian. Holocene environmental evolution recorded by sedimentation on the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert[J].Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(10): 1663-1679.

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样号	埋深/m	铀（U）/μg·g^-1	钍（Th）/μg·g^-1	钾（K）/μg·g^-1	含水率/%	环境剂量率/Gy·ka^-1	等效剂量/Gy	年龄/ka
XMOSL1	2.75	1.44±0.05	5.47±0.05	2.08±0.01	5±1	2.78±0.04	12.95±4.17	4.66±1.50
XMOSL2	3.00	1.37±0.05	4.74±0.05	2.06±0.01	5±1	2.71±0.04	13.04±3.19	4.82±1.18
XMOSL3	3.50	1.43±0.05	4.98±0.05	2.09±0.01	5±1	2.77±0.04	13.81±1.30	4.99±0.47
MGOSL1	0.55	3.57±0.04	12.3±0.15	2.45±0.02	5±5	5.04±0.37	8.74±0.40	1.73±0.15
MGOSL2	1.55	2.54±0.05	9.52±0.09	2.07±0.02	5±5	3.34±0.14	8.15±0.18	2.44±0.12
MGOSL3	2.50	2.27±0.04	7.78±0.15	2.06±0.02	5±5	3.72±0.28	9.06±0.39	2.43±0.21
MGOSL4	2.75	2.57±0.04	8.50±0.16	2.05±0.02	5±5	3.88±0.29	9.33±0.20	2.41±0.19
MGOSL5	3.10	3.52±0.10	11.6±0.30	2.24±0.01	5±5	4.69±0.35	10.53±0.85	2.25±0.25
XQOSL1	0.66	1.51±0.01	7.78±0.10	1.91±0.02	5±5	2.87±0.12	11.48±0.76	4.01±0.31
XQOSL2	1.26	1.24±0.01	5.25±0.09	2.01±0.01	5±5	2.72±0.11	15.65±1.06	5.76±0.46
XQOSL3	3.25	1.02±0.01	3.51±0.02	1.63±0.02	5±5	2.14±0.09	23.08±0.80	10.79±0.59
XQOSL4	4.05	0.94±0.01	3.02±0.03	1.75±0.01	5±5	2.19±0.09	24.32±1.27	11.11±0.75

类型	沉积构造	粒度	磁化率	石英砂形态及表面结构
沙丘沉积	交错层理	以细沙、极细沙为主；负偏尖峰；分选良好	较高	近圆状；麻坑、碟形坑、溶蚀坑及硅沉淀
沙席沉积	水平层理	以极细沙为主，细沙次之；正态尖峰；分选良好	较高	近圆状；麻坑、碟形坑；硅沉淀及裂纹
静水沉积	块状构造，不显层理	黏土、粉沙含量高；正偏宽峰；分选差	低	棱角状；流水磨光面；三角坑；硅质鳞片及硅质球
漫洪沉积	块状构造	粉沙含量高，黏土次之；峰态宽平；分选较差	低	次棱角状；V形坑、挤压坑；贝壳状断口；硅沉淀
河漫滩沉积	波状层理，夹黏土球、黏土碎块	以粉沙为主；负偏宽峰；分选较差	较低	-
漫滩湿地沉积	根孔锈斑，水下沙波纹	以粉沙为主；正态宽峰；分选中等	低	-
河床沉积	槽状交错层理	中沙含量高，细沙次之；正偏尖峰；分选较好	高	次圆状；V形坑、圆形坑；贝壳状断口

Holocene environmental evolution recorded by sedimentation on the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert

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