Abstract: Based on statistical and analyzed results, the ratio of net output value of cotton to corn (X 3) impacts significantly the annual increment percent age of lint cotton production (Y 2) in China (p＜0.01). The ratio of net output value of cotton to (corn ＋ wheat) /2 (X 4) the ratio of net profit of cotton to corn (X 6) or the ratio of net profit of cotton to (corn ＋ wheat) /2 (X 7) impacts significantly the annual increment percentage of lint cotton production (Y 2) (p＜0.05). For medium staple cotton, the index of X 3 in Xinjiang is between those in Shandong and Anhui Province; X 4 in Xinjiang is at a relatively high level; X 6 in Xinjiang is 73% and 19% higher than that in Shandong and Anhui provinces, respectively, and X 7 in Xinjiang is 92% and 10% higher than that in Shandong and Anhui, respectively, These indicate the comparative advantages of mid-fiber cotton production in Xinjiang. For long-staple cotton, the above 4 indexes in Xinjiang are 26%～100% higher than those in Shandong and Anhui, indicating the greater comparative advantages. If X 3, X 4, X 6 and X 7 are increased for 1, there is a trend of increasing 33.9%, 36.8%, 16.8% and 12.7% respectively to the values of last year.

Key words: cotton, comparative advantage, economic benefits, growing regionalization, Xinjiang