Abstract: Consisted of the oases, desert basins, plains, and surrounding mountains, the Xinjiang territory system is one of the main arid areas in northwest China. The adjacent mountain systems are the water source areas of all the streams, shallow groundwater, springs, and lakes because runoff does not occur in the desert basin and plain systems. The rivers from the mountains to the desert basins and plains are the main water feeding channels. Since 1995 s, the water level of Bosten Lake, Ayding Lake and Aiby Lake raises obviously, and their water area is continuously enlarged. Under the effect of global climate change, it is considered that the change of the lakes in Xinjiang is mainly caused by regional climate change, hydrological period varication, and human to eco-environment activities according to the analysis on the change of the water sources, slightly rise of temperature, increase of precipotation, etc.

Key words: Xinjiang, desert plain, lake change, hydrological period, human activity