多源土地覆盖产品在中国西北干旱区的精度评价与一致性分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.573

Abstract

Abstract:

Accurate land cover products are essential for understanding land use structure and spatial composition in the arid regions of northwest China. In this study, five high-resolution land cover products from 2020 were selected: the ESA global 10 m land cover product (ESA10), the ESRI global 10 m land cover product (ESRI10), the global 30 m land cover product (Globeland30), the global 30 m fine-classified land cover product (GLC_FCS30), and the China annual 30 m land cover product (CLCD). Precision assessments and consistency evaluations of these multi-source land cover products were conducted for the arid regions of northwest China from three perspectives: classification accuracy, similarity in land cover composition, and classification consistency. The results indicate the following: (1) Among the five products, ESA10 achieved the highest classification accuracy (88.86%), whereas ESRI10 yielded a comparatively lower accuracy (69.69%). (2) The area correlation coefficients across the five products ranged from 0.792 to 0.999, demonstrating strong agreement in characterizing land composition in the arid regions of northwest China. Bare land, grassland, and cultivated land constitute the dominant land cover types, collectively accounting for ≥93.01% of the total area. (3) Classification consistency for bare land was the highest among the five products. The classification purity of any two-product combination reached up to 96.95%; the spatial consistency of bare land and cultivated land was also high, representing more than 56.39% of the area of the corresponding land cover types. Overall, ESA10 more accurately captured the land cover structure and spatial distribution compared with the other four products. These findings can provide a scientific basis for data selection in national land use planning and ecological conservation in the arid regions of northwest China.

Key words: land cover, accuracy test, consistency evaluation, arid regions of northwest China

YAN Yan, LIU Yulu, ZHANG Weige, SUN Qian, ZHU Shihua. Accuracy evaluation and consistency analysis of multi-source land cover products in the arid regions of northwest China[J].Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(7): 1405-1417.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Classification system of the five sets of land cover products"

ESA10			ESRI10			Globeland30			GLC_FCS30				CLCD
代码	名称	土地覆盖类型说明	代码	名称	土地覆盖类型说明	代码	名称	土地覆盖类型说明	代码	名称	代码	名称	代码	名称
10	林地	任何树木占主导地位的地理区域，覆盖率≥10%的地区	1	水域	全年水体覆盖区域（不含间歇/短暂水域），无稀疏植被、裸露岩石及建筑（如码头）	10	耕地	用于种植农作物的土地	10	雨养耕地	121	常绿灌木丛	1	农田
20	灌丛	包括任何以天然灌木为主、覆盖面积≥10%的地理区域	2	林地	任何显著、高大茂密植被聚集的地理区域	20	林地	乔木覆盖且树冠盖度≥30%的土地	11	草本农田	122	落叶灌木林	2	林地
30	草地	天然草本植物为主且覆盖度≥10%的地区	4	淹没植被	植被与水混合的区域，植被包含灌、草	30	草地	天然草本植被覆盖，且盖度≥10%的土地	12	树本农田	130	草原	3	灌木
40	农田	在播种/种植后的12个月内，已播种/种植并可收获至少一次的一年生农田覆盖土地	5	耕地	人工种植谷物、草本及作物（米、小麦、大豆）的结构化休耕地	40	灌木林地	灌木覆盖且灌丛覆盖度≥30%的土地	20	灌溉农田	140	地衣和苔藓	4	牧草地
50	建设用地	被建筑物、道路和其他人造建筑（如铁路）覆盖的土地	7	建设用地	人造构筑物、主次道路铁路网、大面积均质不透水面	50	湿地	位于陆地和水域的交界带，有浅层积水或土壤过湿的土地，多生长有沼生或湿生植物	51	开阔常绿阔叶林	150	稀疏植被（fc<0.15）	5	水域
60	裸地	土壤、沙子或岩石等一年中任何时候植被覆盖率<10%的地区	8	裸地	全年植被稀疏或无植被覆盖的岩/土区域、少/无植被沙地及沙漠	60	水体	陆地范围液态水覆盖的区域	52	郁闭常绿阔叶林	152	稀疏灌丛（fc<0.15）	6	雪/冰
70	冰雪	被雪或冰川覆盖的地理区域	9	雪/冰	大面积均质永久冰雪区，多分布于山区或高纬度地区	70	苔原	寒带及高山环境下由地衣、苔藓、多年生耐寒草本和灌木植被覆盖的土地	61	开阔落叶阔叶林（0.15<fc<0.4）	153	稀疏草本（fc<0.15）	7	裸地
80	永久水体	一年中超过9个月的时间被水体覆盖的地理区域	10	云	持续被云层覆盖的无地表覆盖信息区域	80	人造地表	由人工建造活动形成的地表	62	郁闭落叶阔叶林（fc>0.4）	180	湿地	8	不透水面
90	草本湿地	天然草本为主（覆盖≥10%），长期/定期被淡/微咸/咸水淹没；不含无植被沉积物、沼泽森林及红树林	11	牧场	开阔均质草本区，几乎无高大植被，非人工种植区域	90	裸地	fc<10%的自然覆盖土地	71	开阔常绿针叶林（0.15<fc<0.4）	190	不透水面	9	湿地
95	红树林	耐盐树木及其他植物，分布于热带保护海岸潮间带、岛屿及河口地区				100	永久冰雪	由永久积雪、冰川和冰盖覆盖的土地	72	郁闭常绿针叶林（fc>0.4）	200	裸地
100	苔藓和地衣	覆盖地衣、苔藓的土地							81	开阔落叶针叶林（0.15<fc<0.4）	201	硬质裸地
									82	郁闭落叶针叶林（fc>0.4）	202	沙质裸地
									91	开阔混交叶林（阔叶和针叶）	210	水体
									92	郁闭混交叶林（阔叶和针叶）	220	永久冰雪
									120	灌木丛	250	填充值

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Tab. 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

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数据名称	研发机构	空间分辨率/m	分类数量/个	分类方法	总体精度/%	数据来源网址
ESA全球10 m土地覆盖产品（ESA10）	欧洲航天局（ESA）	10	11	决策树分类	74.40	https://viewer.esa-worldcover.org/worldcover
ESRI全球10 m土地覆盖产品（ESRI10）	易智瑞公司	10	9	深度学习	85.96	https://livingatlas.arcgis.com/landcover
全球30 m土地覆盖产品（Globeland30）	国家基础地理信息中心	30	10	Pixel-Object-Knowledge（POK）法	85.72	https://www.geodata.cn
全球30 m细分类土地覆盖产品（GLC_FCS30）	中国科学院	30	30	随机森林	72.27	https://zenodo.org/record/3986872
中国年度30 m土地覆盖产品（CLCD）	武汉大学	30	9	随机森林	79.31	https://zenodo.org/record/5816591

土地覆盖类型	ESA10		ESRI10		Globeland30		GLC_FCS30		CLCD
土地覆盖类型	用户精度/%	生产者精度/%	用户精度/%	生产者精度/%	用户精度/%	生产者精度/%	用户精度/%	生产者精度/%	用户精度/%	生产者精度/%
耕地	91.94	67.86	77.01	79.76	70.75	89.29	55.07	90.48	48.17	94.05
林地	83.80	96.75	98.84	69.11	86.67	63.41	68.21	95.93	90.57	78.05
草地	86.45	59.03	33.50	88.65	63.03	78.85	57.20	59.47	63.79	84.58
水域	83.54	100.00	87.32	93.94	85.07	86.36	100.00	78.79	94.92	84.85
冰雪	89.87	89.87	95.71	84.81	97.01	82.28	90.48	96.20	93.06	84.81
裸地	92.86	96.64	96.76	60.91	95.50	94.00	96.78	90.17	96.23	94.84
建设用地	81.67	89.09	75.44	78.18	75.00	65.45	79.55	63.64	68.75	20.00
湿地	70.71	92.11	93.18	53.95	90.16	72.37	76.92	39.47	100.00	5.26
总体精度/%	88.86		69.69		86.08		82.51		83.94
Kappa系数	0.83		0.59		0.79		0.75		0.76

Accuracy evaluation and consistency analysis of multi-source land cover products in the arid regions of northwest China

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代码	土地覆盖类型	ESA10	ESRI10	Globeland30	GLC_FCS30	CLCD
1	耕地	40	5	10	10、11、20	1
2	林地	10、20	2	20、40	51~92、120~122、152	2、3
3	草地	30、100	11	30	130、140、150、153	4
4	水域	80	1	60	210	5
5	冰雪	70	9	100	220	6
6	裸地	60	8	90	200~202	7
7	建设用地	50	7	80	190	8
8	湿地	90	4	50	180	9

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