干旱区耕地质量等级时空变化及其评价——以西宁市为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.393

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking Xining City of Qinghai Province, China, as the research object, based on the quality grade of arable land (GB/T33469-2016), the Delphi method, hierarchical analysis, and fuzzy mathematics were used to construct the evaluation index system of arable land quality in Xining City. Combined with geographic information system software technology, the quality of arable land in Xining City in 2015 and 2018 was evaluated, the spatial and temporal distribution of arable land quality and soil nutrient characteristics in Xining City were analyzed, and the current situation of arable land quality in Xining was explored. The results showed the following: (1) The average arable land quality grades in 2015 and 2018 were 6.74 and 6.33, respectively, with an improvement of 0.41 between 4 a. The overall improvement of arable land quality grades mainly came from the grades third, fourth, fifth, and seventh, whose total area of high and medium grades increased by 1.49% in 2018 compared with 2015. (2) Regarding 4 a between the quality level of arable land in the spatial distribution of large differences, high and medium lands are mainly concentrated in the central Huanzhong District and the northern Datong County, low land is mainly distributed in the edge by the mountains and higher altitude areas, and the quality of arable land improved mainly from Datong County, Huangyuan County, and Huanzhong District. (3) Compared with 2015, the content of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and rapidly available potassium increased in 2018, among which the evaluation grade of available phosphorus content increased. This study performed a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of arable land in the whole area of Xining City, and the results can well reflect the current quality of arable land in the area and have guiding significance for agricultural production.

Key words: cultivated land quality, change of rank, spatial distribution, geographic information system (GIS), Xining City

PAN Xue, GUAN Yuqi, PAN Zhandong, LIU Jie, CAI Liqun, DONG Bo, DU Jian. Spatiotemporal variation and evaluation of cultivated land quality grade in arid areas: A case of Xining City[J].Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(5): 793-803.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 38

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目标层	准则层	指标层	指标权重	组合权重
质量评价	土壤管理	灌溉能力	0.1261	0.1748
	土壤管理	排水能力	0.0487	0.1748
	立地条件	地形部位	0.1096	0.2429
		海拔	0.0980
		农田林网化程度	0.0353
	土壤养分	有机质	0.0745	0.1769
		速效钾	0.0489
		有效磷	0.0535
	理化性状	耕层质地	0.0698	0.1723
		土壤容重	0.0527
		pH	0.0498
	剖面性状	有效土层厚度	0.0569	0.1707
		质地构型	0.0668
		障碍因	0.0470
	健康状况	生物多样性	0.0361	0.0624
	健康状况	清洁程度	0.0263	0.0624

指标名称	函数类型	函数公式	a	c	U₁	U₂
pH	峰型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.225097	6.685037	0.4	13.0
有机质	戒上型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.006107	27.680348	0.0	27.7
速效钾	戒上型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.000026	293.758384	0.0	294.0
有效磷	戒上型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.001821	38.076968	0.0	38.1
土壤容重	峰型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	13.854674	1.250789	0.4	2.1
有效土厚度	戒上型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.000232	131.349274	0.0	131.0
海拔	戒下型	y=1/[1+a×(u-c)²]	0.000001	649.407006	649.4	3 649.4

评价指标	指标属性（隶属度）
地形部位	冲积平原（1）、河谷平原（1）、河谷阶地（0.9）、洪积平原（0.85）、黄土塬（0.8）、黄土台塬（0.7）、河漫滩（0.7）、低台地（0.7）、黄土残塬（0.65）、低丘陵（0.65）、黄土坪（0.65）、高台地（0.65）、黄墹（0.65）、黄土梁（0.6）、高丘陵（0.6）、低山（0.5）、黄土峁（0.5）、固定沙地（0.4）、风蚀地（0.4）、中山（0.4）、半固定沙地（0.3）、流动沙地（0.2）、高山（0.2）、极高山（0.2）
耕层质地	砂土（0.4）、砂壤（0.6）、轻壤（0.85）、中壤（1）、重壤（0.8）、黏土（0.6）
生物多样性	丰富（1.0）、一般（0.7）、不丰富（0.4）
质地构型	薄层型（0.4）、松散型（0.4）、紧实型（0.6）、夹层型（0.5）、上紧下松型（0.7）、上松下紧型（1.0）、海绵型（0.9）
清洁程度	清洁（1.0）、尚清洁（0.7）、轻度污染（0.5）、中度污染（0.3）、重度污染（0.0）
障碍因素	盐碱（0.4）、瘠薄（0.6）、酸化（0.7）、渍潜（0.5）、障碍层次（0.5）、无（1.0）
灌溉能力	充分满足（1.0）、满足（0.7）、基本满足（0.5）、不满足（0.3）
排水能力	充分满足（1.0）、满足（0.7）、基本满足（0.5）、不满足（0.3）
农田林网化	高（1.0）、中（0.7）、低（0.4）

耕地质量等级	耕地质量综合指数范围	耕地质量等级	耕地质量综合指数范围
一	≥0.904	六	0.714~0.752
二	0.866~0.904	七	0.676~0.714
三	0.828~0.866	八	0.638~0.676
四	0.790~0.828	九	0.600~0.638
五	0.752~0.790	十	<0.600

分级标准	耕地质量等级	面积/hm²
分级标准	耕地质量等级	2015年	2018年
高等	一	0.00	0.00
	二	134.57	54.21
	三	6102.55	10363.94
中等	四	14746.86	17656.44
	五	22296.27	25717.17
	六	14417.43	6055.24
低等	七	18027.17	37932.66
	八	49893.95	38376.37
	九	16448.76	8550.54
	十	2640.23	1.22
	总计	144707.79	144707.79

Spatiotemporal variation and evaluation of cultivated land quality grade in arid areas: A case of Xining City

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等级变化	面积/hm²	占比/%	面积/hm²
等级变化	面积/hm²	占比/%	城北区	城东区	城西区	城中区	大通县	湟源县	湟中区
3	3.21	0.002	-	-	-	3.21	-	-	-
2	6507.06	4.497	14.32	24.86	-	34.79	273.07	1986.46	4173.56
1	56560.41	39.086	138.94	185.93	53.63	633.36	17338.94	10968.45	27241.16
0	71172.99	49.184	1700.43	28.69	529.41	1262.36	29478.63	7723.80	30449.67
-1	10427.24	7.206	388.82	-	40.78	7.25	7228.46	44.91	2717.02
-2	36.88	0.025	6.50	-	-	-	30.38	-	-
总计	144707.79	100.000	2249.01	239.48	623.82	1940.97	54349.48	20723.62	64581.41

年份	分级标准	质量等级	有机质		有效磷		速效钾
年份	分级标准	质量等级	含量/g·kg^-1	评价等级	含量/mg·kg^-1	评价等级	含量/mg·kg^-1	评价等级
2015	高等	二	23.02	1	108.52	1	300.99	1
	高等	三	19.86	2	55.73	1	239.67	2
	中等	四	19.80	2	34.07	2	210.97	2
		五	22.04	1	20.87	3	196.06	3
		六	20.47	1	18.64	3	175.82	3
	低等	七	23.14	1	22.00	3	190.79	3
		八	20.52	1	19.68	3	186.80	3
		九	18.16	2	14.85	4	150.88	3
		十	15.48	2	12.45	4	134.47	4
2018	高等	二	24.43	1	64.46	1	243.95	2
	高等	三	23.60	1	25.55	2	197.92	3
	中等	四	23.15	1	24.78	3	200.90	2
		五	24.93	1	25.82	2	185.21	3
		六	22.67	1	24.36	3	183.88	3
	低等	七	24.31	1	27.54	2	193.78	3
		八	23.51	1	24.30	3	184.00	3
		九	22.13	1	19.93	3	166.20	3
		十	13.92	3	12.38	4	139.81	4

分级标准	质量等级	县（区）	实验室分析项目				实地调查项目
分级标准	质量等级	县（区）	有机质 /g·kg^-1	有效磷 /mg·kg^-1	速效钾 /mg·kg^-1	pH	质地构型	耕层质地	有效土层厚度/cm	灌溉条件	海拔/m	地形部位
高等	二	湟中区	26.30	31.70	193.00	8.1	上松下紧型	中壤	128	充分满足	2169	河谷阶地
高等	三	大通县	24.80	40.00	142.00	8.2	上松下紧型	中壤	122	充分满足	2481	河谷阶地
中等	四	城东区	20.40	24.60	211.00	8.2	上松下紧型	黏土	134	充分满足	2219	河谷阶地
	五	城北区	20.80	27.90	236.00	8.3	上松下紧型	中壤	144	满足	2409	河谷阶地
	六	大通县	15.40	26.10	145.00	8.3	上松下紧型	重壤	127	满足	2424	河谷阶地
低等	七	城西区	23.60	19.10	192.00	8.2	上松下紧型	黏土	138	不满足	2562	中山
	八	城中区	25.80	21.50	198.00	8.3	上松下紧型	黏土	130	不满足	2567	中山
	九	湟源县	25.30	22.80	170.00	8.4	海绵型	砂壤	117	不满足	3228	高山
	十	湟中区	18.90	16.50	148.00	8.4	上松下紧型	黏土	141	不满足	2568	中山

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