内蒙古哈腾套海国家级自然保护区植被变化特征与群落组成现状

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2025.137

Abstract

Abstract:

The Hatengtaohai National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, China, lies within a typical transitional zone between desert and grassland desert and represents a crucial desert ecosystem in western Inner Mongolia. over the past three decades, the reserve’s vegetation has undergone significant changes, making a systematic analysis of its vegetation distribution patterns highly significant. In this study, using a combination of field surveys and remotesensing image interpretation, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the vegetation change characteristics and community composition within the reserve between 2000 and 2023. The results indicated that (1) Fractional vegetation coverage increased at a rate of 0.0027·a^-1 across the reserve, exhibiting a “low in the west, high in the east” pattern. However, while the overall vegetation pattern remained stable, its general health status was concerning. (2) The reserve hosts 199 species of higher plants distributed across 47 families and 135 genera, including 6 protected species and 2 invasive species, and the flora predominantly comprises temperate distribution types. The vegetation can be classified into 11 plant communities belonging to 5 vegetation types, with the xeric shrub (widely distributed in the western mountains) being the dominant type. Surveys indicated a declining trend in plant diversity, with some protected species disappearing and two invasive species (namely, Cenchrus echinatus and Ipomoea purpurea) being introduced. Despite relatively rich community types, the overall structure remains simple. (3) Evapotranspiration and elevation are the primary drivers influencing fractional vegetation coverage and vegetation community distribution. In recent years, the impact of human disturbance has significantly diminished, reflecting the effectiveness of ecological conservation policies.

Key words: fractional vegetation coverage, floristic, community classification, species diversity, Hatengtaohai National Nature Reserve

LI Mingxuan, LEI Dongxue, DING Guodong, WANG Hanzhuo. Characteristics of vegetation change and current status of community composition in the Hatengtaohai National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia[J].Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(3): 534-548.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Distribution types of plant families, genera and species in the Hatengtaohai National Nature Reserve"

分布区类型及其变型	科		属		种
分布区类型及其变型	数量	占比/%	数量	占比/%	数量	占比/%
1. 广布（世界广布）	21	46.81	24	17.78	40	20.10
2. 泛热带（热带广布）分布	9	19.15	16	11.85	18	9.05
2-1. 热带亚洲-大洋洲和热带美洲（南美洲或和墨西哥）分布	0	0.00	1	0.74	1	0.50
2-2. 热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲间断分布	2	4.26	0	0.00	0	0.00
2S. 以南半球为主的泛热带分布	2	4.26	0	0.00	0	0.00
3. 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布	0	0.00	0	0.00	0	0.00
4. 旧日世界热带分布	1	2.13	1	0.74	1	0.50
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布	0	0.00	0	0.00	0	0.00
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布	0	0.00	1	0.74	1	0.50
7. 热带亚洲（印度-马来西亚）分布	0	0.00	1	0.74	2	1.01
8. 北温带分布	2	4.26	26	19.26	53	26.63
8-4. 北温带和南温带（全温带）间断分布	5	10.64	3	2.22	4	2.01
8-5. 欧亚和南美洲温带间断分布	0	0.00	1	0.74	1	0.50
9. 东亚和北美洲间断分布	0	0.00	5	3.70	6	3.02
10. 旧世界温带分布	1	2.13	11	8.15	12	6.03
10-1. 地中海区至西亚（或中亚）和东亚间断分布	0	0.00	4	2.96	11	5.53
10-3. 欧亚和南非（有时也在澳大利亚）分布	0	0.00	2	1.48	2	1.01
11. 温带亚洲分布	0	0.00	7	5.19	10	5.03
12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布	0	0.00	13	9.63	15	7.54
12-1. 地中海区至中亚和南非洲和/或大洋洲间断分布	0	0.00	1	0.74	1	0.50
12-2. 地中海区至西亚或中亚和墨西哥或古巴间断分布	0	0.00	2	1.48	3	1.51
12-3. 地中海区至温带-热带亚洲、大洋洲和/或北美南部至南美洲间断分布	2	4.26	2	1.48	2	1.01
12-4. 地中海区至热带、非洲和喜马拉雅山间断分布	0	0.00	1	0.74	2	1.01
13. 中亚分布	0	0.00	2	1.48	3	1.51
13-1. 中亚东部分布	0	0.00	5	3.70	5	2.51
13-2. 中亚东部至喜马拉雅和中国西南部分布	1	2.13	0	0.00	0	0.00
14. 东亚分布	0	0.00	3	2.22	3	1.51
14-1. 中国-喜马拉雅分布	0	0.00	1	0.74	1	0.50
14-2. 中国-日本分布	0	0.00	2	1.48	2	1.01
15. 中国特有分布	0	0.00	0	0.00	0	0.00
合计	47	100.00	135	100.00	199	100.00

Tab. 4

Fig. 6

Tab. 5

Fig. 7

Tab. 6

Tab. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

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年均FVC取值范围	FVC等级
0.00~0.30	低等级
0.30~0.45	中低等级
0.45~0.60	中等级
0.60~0.75	中高等级
0.75~1.00	高等级

分类群	哈腾套海国家级自然保护区			内蒙古			全国
分类群	科数	属数	种数	科数	属数	种数	科数	属数	种数
裸子植物	3	3	4	4	8	28	10	44	250
被子植物	43	131	194	127	706	2550	265	3040	30000
蕨类	1	1	1	13	23	41	36	156	2500
总计	47	135	199	144	737	2619	311	3240	32750

科含种数（科数）	科（属数/种数）
≥20（3）	菊科（19/31）、豆科（14/23）、苋科（13/23）
10~19（2）	禾本科（17/18）、蔷薇科（7/14）
2~9（20）	蓼科（4/7）、十字花科（4/6）、唇形科（4/4）、石竹科（3/4）、茄科（3/3）、杨柳科（2/7）、毛莨科（2/4）、旋花科（2/4）、白刺科（2/3）、车前科（2/3）、柽柳科（2/3）、紫草科（2/3）、蒺藜科（2/2）、木犀科（2/2）、伞形科（2/2）、榆科（1/3）、夹竹桃科（1/2）、莎草科（1/2）、石蒜科（1/2）、松科（1/2）
1（22）	白花丹科（1/1）、柏科（1/1）、报春花科（1/1）、大戟科（1/1）、胡颓子科（1/1）、锦葵科（1/1）、列当科（1/1）、麻黄科（1/1）、马齿苋科（1/1）、牻牛儿苗（1/1）、木贼科（1/1）、葡萄科（1/1）、漆树科（1/1）、鼠李科（1/1）、粟米草科（1/1）、天门冬科（1/1）、通泉草科（1/1）、卫矛科（1/1）、罂粟科（1/1）、远志科（1/1）、芸香科（1/1）、鸢尾科（1/1）

序号	植被群系类型	优势种重要值/%	Shannon- Wiener指数	Simpson 指数	Pielou 指数
Ⅰ	柠条锦鸡儿群系	56.19	1.64	0.72	0.66
Ⅱ	梭梭群系	74.23	1.50	0.75	0.83
Ⅲ	蒙古扁桃群系	27.87	2.12	0.85	0.77
Ⅳ	猫头刺-霸王群系	22.73	1.64	0.72	0.66
Ⅴ	沙冬青群系	45.47	0.85	0.43	0.53
Ⅵ	霸王群系	37.15	2.01	0.81	0.74
Ⅶ	红砂群系	30.26	1.41	0.64	0.54
Ⅷ	芦苇群系	65.82	0.46	0.26	0.42
Ⅸ	柽柳群系	28.00	0.07	0.03	0.05
Ⅹ	唐古特白刺群系	34.24	1.39	0.76	0.67
Ⅺ	沙蓬-蒙古虫实群系	32.08	0.60	0.41	0.86
	均值	-	1.24	0.58	0.61

序号	植被群系类型	面积/hm²	序号	植被群系类型	面积/hm²
Ⅰ	柠条锦鸡儿群系	6060.28	Ⅶ	红砂群系	22520.75
Ⅱ	梭梭群系	3463.63	Ⅷ	芦苇群系	12965.50
Ⅲ	蒙古扁桃群系	12587.88	Ⅸ	柽柳群系	2979.25
Ⅳ	猫头刺-霸王群系	21298.50	Ⅹ	唐古特白刺群系	1116.00
Ⅴ	沙冬青群系	2258.10	Ⅺ	沙蓬-蒙古虫实群系	4661.12
Ⅵ	霸王群系	30945.72

Characteristics of vegetation change and current status of community composition in the Hatengtaohai National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia

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因素	因子	因子含义
地理因素	高程（X₁）/m	保护区海拔高度
地理因素	地貌类型（X₂）	保护区地貌类型
气候因素	地表温度（X₃）/℃	保护区年均地表温度
	降水量（X₄）/mm	保护区年降水量
	蒸散发（X₅）/mm	保护区年蒸散发量
人为因素	道路欧氏距离（X₆）/km	保护区内与道路距离

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