2001—2018年黄土高原植被覆盖人为影响时空演变及归因分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.01.20

干旱区地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 188-196.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.01.20

2001—2018年黄土高原植被覆盖人为影响时空演变及归因分析

张翀¹(),白子怡¹,李学梅³(),冉祺祺¹,韦振锋⁴,雷田旺⁵,王娜⁶

1.宝鸡文理学院，陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室，陕西宝鸡 721013
2.陕西师范大学，地理科学与旅游学院，陕西西安 710119
3.重庆师范大学，地理与旅游学院/GIS应用研究重庆市高校重点实验室，重庆 400047
4.广西易城蓝图科技有限公司，广西南宁 530007
5.西安交通工程学院，土木工程学院，陕西西安 710065
6.陕西省气候中心，陕西西安 710015

收稿日期:2019-12-08 修回日期:2020-08-04 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-03-09
通讯作者: 李学梅
作者简介:张翀（1986-）,男,陕西省西安市人,讲师,主要从事资源环境遥感与GIS研究. E-mail: zhangch3348@126.com
基金资助:
陕西省社会科学基金项目(2020D008);宝鸡文理学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2019XJ116);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJ1600323);宝鸡文理学院校级重点项目(ZK16064);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJ1500338)

Spatio-temporal evolution and attribution analysis of human effects of vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2018

ZHANG Chong¹(),BAI Ziyi¹,LI Xuemei³(),RAN Qiqi¹,WEI Zhenfeng⁴,LEI Tianwang⁵,WANG Na⁶

1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Modeling，Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013,Shaanxi, China
2. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
3. College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Key Laboratory of GIS Application, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China
4. Guangxi Yicheng Blueprint Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
5. School of civil Engineering, Xi’an Institute of Transportation Engineering, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China
6. Shaanxi Climate Center, Xi’an 710015, Shaanxi, China

Received:2019-12-08 Revised:2020-08-04 Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-03-09
Contact: Xuemei LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2001—2018年的MODIS-NDVI和MODIS-LST以及土地利用、交通、人口等多种人文社会数据,通过温度植被干旱指数反映黄土高原土壤水分状况,利用残差法剔除土壤水分得到植被覆盖变化的人为影响,辅以趋势分析、Hurst指数、地理探测器等方法探讨了黄土高原植被覆盖的人为影响变化特征、未来变化趋势以及人为影响的归因。结果表明：（1）黄土高原2001—2018年植被覆盖人为影响变化趋势为0.36×10^-2 a^-1,人为对植被覆盖的影响向正作用方向发展。（2）黄土高原植被覆盖人为影响的未来变化趋势由正作用转为向负作用方向发展,值得注意的是退耕还林重点实施区植被覆盖的人为正作用未来变化呈减弱趋势。（3）综合相关分析与地理探测器结果,确定影响植被覆盖变化的人为主导因子主要包括高级别旅游景点、城市分布、交通和土地利用。（4）未来退耕还林工程的实施以及生态建设工程的维持,应在注重城市经济发展的同时重视生态建设,减缓交通业对生态环境所带来的危害,加强绿色旅游业发展以及减缓土地变化等人为活动的影响。

关键词: 植被覆盖人为影响, 温度植被干旱指数, 残差法, 地理探测器, 黄土高原

Abstract:

The Loess Plateau is one of the four major plateaus in China. It is the most concentrated and largest Loess area on earth, but fragile ecology, which feeds 8.5% of China’s population with 6.7% of the land. The long-term population and economic development pressure have caused severe regional ecosystem degradation. Since the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland in 1999, the vegetation construction acceleration has led to significant improvements in the ecological environment. However, the man-made factors and the influence rules of vegetation cover changes on the Loess Plateau still lack several quantitative demonstrations. Therefore, strengthening the quantitative analysis of the human impact on the regional ecological environment will not only promote accurate ecological restoration, but also promotes the construction of human stability, harmony, and happy life, which has important theoretical and practical significance. Based on the MODIS-NDVI and MODIS-LST from 2001 to 2018, as well as various humanistic and social data, such as land use, transportation, and population, this paper constructs the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) to reflect the soil moisture status of the Loess Plateau. The residual method is used to remove soil moisture to express the manmade influence of vegetation cover. The spatiotemporal evolution pattern of the man-made influence is analyzed with trend analysis and the Hurst index. We tend to explore the effect degree of various human factors, influence direction, and their temporal changes on vegetation coverage with geographic detectors and correlation analysis methods on the Loess Plateau. It is hoped to determine the man-made leading factors affecting the vegetation cover changes on the Loess Plateau, and provide a solid basis for the maintenance of the early ecological construction project and the future implementation of farmland to forest project, which will contribute to the healthy and sustainable development of the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau. The results are as follows: (1) The anthropogenic influence of vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2018 has a trend of 0.36×10^-2 a^-1, and the impact of human activities on vegetation cover was positive. (2) The future trend of human impact on vegetation cover will change from positive to negative on the Loess Plateau. It is worth noting that the positive effect of vegetation cover will weaken in the key implementation areas of returning farmland to forest. (3) According to the results of correlation analysis and geographical detector, the main human factors affecting vegetation cover change include high-level tourist attractions, urban distribution, transportation, and land use. (4) The future implementation and maintenance of the returning farmland to forest project should pay attention to reinforce ecological construction at the same time as urban economic development, reduce the harm of traffic industry to the ecological environment, strengthen the development of green tourism and slow down the impact of human activities, such as land change.

Key words: human effects of vegetation cover, temperature vegetation dryness index, residual method, geodetector, Loess Plateau

张翀,白子怡,李学梅,冉祺祺,韦振锋,雷田旺,王娜. 2001—2018年黄土高原植被覆盖人为影响时空演变及归因分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(1): 188-196.

ZHANG Chong,BAI Ziyi,LI Xuemei,RAN Qiqi,WEI Zhenfeng,LEI Tianwang,WANG Na. Spatio-temporal evolution and attribution analysis of human effects of vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2018[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(1): 188-196.

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年份	农业生产总值	城市分布	城市化率	GDP	人口	交通	土地利用	高级别旅游景点
2001	0.144	0.099	0.014	0.004	0.055	0.092	0.316	0.034
2002	0.049	0.141	0.175	0.059	0.079	0.028	0.184	0.222
2003	0.252	0.116	0.077	0.081	0.298	0.163	0.270	0.169
2004	0.080	0.419	0.075	0.037	0.074	0.323	0.294	0.444
2005	0.109	0.478	0.054	0.129	0.144	0.094	0.075	0.387
2006	0.102	0.259	0.081	0.061	0.191	0.179	0.226	0.274
2007	0.114	0.286	0.106	0.073	0.263	0.196	0.204	0.318
2008	0.086	0.230	0.142	0.193	0.049	0.041	0.128	0.085
2009	0.133	0.192	0.112	0.009	0.261	0.017	0.176	0.104
2010	0.209	0.144	0.025	0.031	0.131	0.101	0.108	0.233
2011	0.015	0.218	0.234	0.358	0.005	0.010	0.101	0.307
2012	0.075	0.186	0.040	0.035	0.073	0.082	0.111	0.141
2013	0.177	0.212	0.298	0.172	0.127	0.062	0.288	0.147
2014	0.041	0.154	0.020	0.062	0.164	0.086	0.051	0.159
2015	0.026	0.101	0.211	0.102	0.027	0.100	0.083	0.018
2016	0.072	0.187	0.347	0.217	0.268	0.042	0.133	0.216
2017	0.193	0.312	0.048	0.079	0.421	0.370	0.486	0.405
2018	0.293	0.767	0.132	0.051	0.335	0.371	0.465	0.838

年份	农业生产总值	城市分布	城市化率	GDP	人口	交通	土地利用	高级别旅游景点
2001	-0.0916	-0.0325	-0.0916	-0.0018	-0.0019	-0.0433	-0.3393	0.0399
2002	-0.0301	-0.3178	-0.0301	-0.0019	-0.0019	0.0124	-0.1663	-0.2053
2003	-0.0282	0.2096	-0.0282	0.0048	0.0047	0.6090	0.4208	0.4938
2004	-0.0043	0.8979	-0.0043	0.0019	0.0019	0.8984	0.6714	0.9546
2005	-0.0220	0.9328	-0.0220	0.0020	0.0020	0.5165	0.1535	0.8712
2006	-0.0391	0.4924	-0.0391	-0.0004	-0.0004	0.4684	0.3600	0.7261
2007	0.0348	0.5941	0.0348	0.0057	0.0057	0.7261	0.4853	0.7926
2008	0.0445	0.0980	0.0445	0.0000	0.0000	0.3772	-0.0543	0.3395
2009	0.0559	0.2770	0.0559	0.0000	0.0000	-0.0830	0.0809	0.2743
2010	-0.0519	0.4562	-0.0519	0.0015	0.0015	0.4878	0.1628	0.5610
2011	0.0195	0.7441	-0.0195	-0.0011	-0.0011	0.0713	0.4982	0.4707
2012	0.0638	-0.3472	0.0638	0.0051	0.0051	v0.2916	-0.1162	-0.3403
2013	0.0903	-0.1513	0.0903	0.0026	0.0027	-0.2406	0.2518	-0.3454
2014	0.0513	-0.2500	0.0513	-0.0022	-0.0021	-0.2631	-0.1474	-0.2518
2015	-0.0122	0.1400	-0.0122	-0.0087	-0.0087	-0.1198	-0.0199	0.0218
2016	0.0277	-0.3796	0.0277	0.0073	0.0073	-0.1733	-0.2952	-0.4002
2017	0.0300	-0.3784	0.0300	-0.0027	-0.0027	-0.4805	-0.2563	-0.5774
2018	0.0498	-0.8808	0.0498	-0.0022	-0.0022	-0.6251	-0.3718	-0.9327

2001—2018年黄土高原植被覆盖人为影响时空演变及归因分析

Spatio-temporal evolution and attribution analysis of human effects of vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2018

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