长期施肥对绿洲农田土壤剖面有机碳及其组分的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以中国科学院阜康荒漠生态站长期定位试验为平台，对不同施肥模式下绿洲农田土壤有机碳（SOC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）、轻组有机碳（LFOC）及团聚体结合碳的剖面（0～3 m）特征进行了研究。结果表明：与荒漠土壤相比，20 a长期施肥模式下SOC含量在表层（0～0.2 m）土壤中增加了14%～56%，但在下层（0.2～0.6 m）减少了15%～33%。在深层（0.6～3 m），单施化肥（NPK与N2P2K）与化肥配施秸秆处理（NPKR与N2P2R2）具有不同的变化：SOC含量在前者中降低了5%～9%，在后者中增加了4%～9%，POC与LFOC具有相似变化趋势。所有处理均增加了整个剖面的大团聚体（>0.25 mm）结合碳。然而，44%～87%的SOC分布于粉砂与粘粒组分（<0.053 mm）中，在深层土壤中该比例最大（超过80%），揭示了该组分中SOC含量的维持对于碳固定的重要性。单施化肥处理降低了粉砂与粘粒组分中SOC含量，可能是其深层土壤碳损耗的一个机制。化肥配施秸秆处理在促进SOC含量的增加、大团聚体形成方面具有最好效果，尤其在深层土壤。

关键词: 土壤剖面, 有机碳（SOC）, 团聚体, 长期实验, 绿洲

Abstract: An investigation was conducted to determine soil profile（0-3 m）changes in SOC，particulate organic carbon（POC），light fraction organic carbon（LFOC），and aggregate-associated carbon in a long-term field experiment site in an oasis farmland of the National Field Research Station of Desert Ecosystem in Fukang，Chinese Academy of Sciences. The following treatments were compared with the desert soil from which the oasis was created：inorganic fertilizer alone（NPK and N2P2K），inorganic fertilizer combined with wheat straw（NPKR and N2P2R2），and no fertilization（CK）. The result showed as follows：the SOC contents increased by 14%-56% in the topsoil（0-0.2 m），but decreased by 15%-33% in the subsoil（0.2-0.6 m）under all fertilizer applications of >20 years. In the deep layer（0.6-3 m）there were significant differences between the treatments with and without straw：SOC decreased by 5%-9% in treatments without straw，but increased by 4%-9% in treatments with straw. POC and LFOC also had the similar trends. All treatments increased the proportion of macro-aggregates（>0.25 mm）and its associated carbon throughout the soil profile. However， 44%-87% of total SOC was stored in silt+clay fraction， especially in the deep layer. This indicated the importance of SOC stabilization in silt+clay fraction for carbon sequestration. Application of inorganic fertilizer alone led to a significant decrease of SOC content in silt+clay fraction in the deep layer； this should be the main mechanism for SOC loss. Combined application of inorganic fertilizer and straw had the greatest effects on increasing SOC content and enhancing the formation of macro-aggregates， especially for the deep layer.

Key words: soil profile, soil organic carbon（SOC）, aggregates, long-term experiment, oasis

中图分类号:

S154.1

李晨华，唐立松. 长期施肥对绿洲农田土壤剖面有机碳及其组分的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(4): 637-644.

LI Chen-hua，TANG Li-songa. Long-term effect of fertilization application on soil organic carbon and its fractions in soil profiles of an oasis farmland[J]. , 2013, 36(4): 637-644.

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