干旱区绿洲城市生态环境时空变化特征分析——以克拉玛依市为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.19

干旱区地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 1070-1082.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.19

干旱区绿洲城市生态环境时空变化特征分析——以克拉玛依市为例

周玄德¹(),郭华东²,杨胜天³,孜比布拉·司马义³(),邓祖涛¹,梁滨¹

1.湖北经济学院旅游与酒店管理学院,湖北武汉 430205
2.中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心数字地球重点实验室,北京 100094
3.新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2020-04-24 修回日期:2021-02-23 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-08-02
通讯作者: 孜比布拉·司马义
作者简介:周玄德（1985-）,男,博士,讲师,主要从事资源利用与城乡规划研究. E-mail: zxd850706@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金—新疆联合基金重点项目(U1603241);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41661036);国家社会科学基金项目(15BJY128);国家社会科学基金项目(14BJY225);校级培育项目(PYYB201907);校级青年项目(XJ201913)

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of oasis urban ecological environment in arid region: A case study of Karamay City

ZHOU Xuande¹(),GUO Huadong²,YANG Shengtian³,Zibibula SIMAYI³(),DENG Zutao¹,LIANG Bin¹

1. School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, Hebei, China
2. Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
3. College of Resourse and Environmental Science of Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China

Received:2020-04-24 Revised:2021-02-23 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-02
Contact: SIMAYI Zibibula

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱区绿洲城市生态环境极为脆弱,准确了解生态环境时空变动情况具有重要意义。选择典型的干旱绿洲城市克拉玛依市为研究对象,分别选取2001、2006、2011年和2016年4个时期的遥感影像,通过计算遥感生态指数表征生态环境质量状况,从变化趋势、空间分布、等级划分、变动特征及重心转移等方面进行分析。结果表明：（1）研究区遥感生态指数呈现波动性变化,整体水平不高,均维持在0.35上下波动,其中主要以低、较低等级的生态指数为主。（2）研究区生态指数等级变化主要表现为一个等级的变化,越级变化的较少,不同等级遥感生态指数区域面积在不同时间段的变化量、动态度差异显著。（3）低生态指数到高遥感生态指数的生态位表现为明显的上升趋势,生态位数值均较小,最大值仅0.3677,不同等级生态指数生态位的提升还有很大空间。（4）不同等级遥感生态指数的重心都出现了不同程度的偏移,其中高生态指数区域的空间移动性大,平均距离为42.60 km,低生态指数区域在空间上相对稳定。该研究探寻了人类活动过程中生态环境的时空变动规律,对干旱区绿洲城市的可持续发展具有一定的现实意义。

关键词: 绿洲, 生态环境, 遥感生态指数, 时空变化, 克拉玛依市

Abstract:

The ecological environment of oasis cities in arid regions is extremely fragile. Accurately understanding the spatiotemporal changes in the ecological environment of such cities due to urbanization is of great significance. Karamay, Xinjiang, China, which is an oasis city in an arid region, was selected as the research object in this study. It is located in the most vast and flat gobi desert; this area has become a gathering point of the petroleum and petrochemical industry, which has greatly stressed the fragile ecological environment. LandsatTM/ETM+/OLI remote sensing images from four time periods (2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016) were collected, and a remote sensing ecological index was used to reflect the ecological environment. The variation degree, ecological niche, and gravity center methods were adopted to model the variation, spatial distribution, classification, variation characteristics, and gravity center transfer of the ecological environment. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) The remote sensing ecological index was not high in the study area and fluctuated approximately 0.35. The ecological index values were generally low. (2) Changes in the ecological index grade mainly manifested as rises and falls with few sudden increases. The areas of different types of remote sensing ecological index domains varied significantly among different time periods. (3) The changes in the ecological niche from low to high showed an obvious upward trend. This indicates that a higher ecological index level represents a higher ecological niche; in other words, better ecological environment quality improves the ability to obtain resources. However, the niche values of different types of remote sensing ecological indices were all small with a maximum value of 0.3677. Thus, there remains much space for improving the niche of different types of ecological indices. (4) The center of gravity of different types of remote sensing ecological indices shifted to different degrees. The regions with a high ecological index had strong spatial mobility with an average distance of 42.60 km, whereas regions with a low ecological index were relatively stable spatially. This study explored the temporal and spatial variations in the ecological environment due to human activities and found that urban farmland, park vegetation, residential greening, water, and other elements play a significant role in maintaining a good ecological environment. These results demonstrate humans’ ability to protect the environment. However, there was serious ecological deterioration around the G217 National Highway, which reflects the ecological damage caused by human activities. The above conclusions show that the acceleration of urbanization and implementation of environmental protection need not be in conflict. Understanding the relationship between urban development and environmental protection is significant for the sustainable development of oasis cities in arid regions.

Key words: oasis, ecological environment, remote sensing ecological index, spatio-temporal variation, Karamay City

周玄德,郭华东,杨胜天,孜比布拉·司马义,邓祖涛,梁滨. 干旱区绿洲城市生态环境时空变化特征分析——以克拉玛依市为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(4): 1070-1082.

ZHOU Xuande,GUO Huadong,YANG Shengtian,Zibibula SIMAYI,DENG Zutao,LIANG Bin. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of oasis urban ecological environment in arid region: A case study of Karamay City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(4): 1070-1082.

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主成分	2001年		2006年		2011年		2016年
主成分	特征值	贡献率/%	特征值	贡献率/%	特征值	贡献率/%	特征值	贡献率/%
PC1	0.0992	85.6377	0.1047	85.7392	0.0505	85.5012	0.0894	89.4827
PC2	0.0112	9.6721	0.0139	11.3759	0.0048	8.1922	0.0069	6.8943
PC3	0.0040	3.4805	0.0026	2.1644	0.0027	4.5911	0.0034	3.4283
PC4	0.0014	1.2097	0.0009	0.7206	0.0010	1.7155	0.0002	0.1947

指标	2001年				2006年
指标	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
NDVI	-1.0000	0.7604	0.1280	0.1318	-1.0000	0.7795	0.1449	0.1582
WET	-0.5470	0.0665	-0.2016	0.0614	-0.5733	0.0714	-0.1785	0.0596
LST	29.3201	57.8943	47.2234	3.3495	12.0327	38.5387	32.3419	3.0871
NDBSI	-0.6327	1.0000	0.1971	0.0890	-0.5184	1.0000	0.1927	0.1156
RSEI	0.0000	1.0000	0.3523	0.1234	0.0000	1.0000	0.3446	0.1256
指标	2011年				2016年
指标	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差
NDVI	-0.5216	1.0000	0.1945	0.1968	-0.7725	0.8619	0.2935	0.2601
WET	-0.7883	0.1483	-0.1664	0.0692	-1.3451	0.2144	-0.0472	0.0764
LST	19.9292	47.4173	36.2315	4.5555	15.7962	46.5827	35.8338	6.3602
NDBSI	-0.7142	1.0000	0.1600	0.1417	-0.6426	0.5799	0.0730	0.2099
RSEI	0.0000	1.0000	0.3592	0.2026	0.0000	1.0000	0.3184	0.2579

RSEI等级	2001年		2006年		2011年		2016年
RSEI等级	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
A	223.70	5.81	1547.53	40.17	656.16	17.03	2107.60	54.71
B	2637.34	68.46	1831.28	47.54	2035.42	52.84	592.43	15.38
C	830.42	21.56	401.18	10.41	485.61	12.61	382.55	9.93
D	127.42	3.31	70.19	1.82	519.34	13.48	416.90	10.82
E	33.36	0.87	2.03	0.05	155.70	4.04	352.75	9.16

等级	2001—2006年		2006—2011年		2011—2016年		2001—2016年
等级	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
-4	0.32	0.01	-	-	0.54	0.01	0.49	0.01
-3	6.01	0.16	0.35	0.01	13.11	0.34	3.59	0.09
-2	85.68	2.22	5.29	0.14	82.31	2.14	212.22	5.51
-1	1947.11	50.55	57.60	1.50	1794.00	46.57	1920.38	49.85
0	1662.55	43.16	1930.25	50.11	1312.67	34.08	797.16	20.69
1	126.27	3.28	1403.79	36.44	494.87	12.85	399.94	10.38
2	22.81	0.59	376.10	9.76	126.26	3.28	396.98	10.31
3	1.46	0.04	72.90	1.89	28.09	0.73	121.34	3.15
4	0.01	0.00	5.96	0.15	0.37	0.01	0.12	0.00

RSEI等级	2001—2006年		2006—2011年		2011—2016年
RSEI等级	增加量/km²	动态度/%	增加量/km²	动态度/%	增加量/km²	动态度/%
A	1323.83	118.36	-891.37	-11.52	1451.44	44.24
B	-806.06	-6.11	204.14	2.23	-1442.99	-14.18
C	-429.23	-10.34	84.43	4.21	-103.06	-4.24
D	-57.22	-8.98	449.15	127.97	-102.44	-3.95
E	-31.32	-18.78	153.66	1510.76	197.06	25.31

干旱区绿洲城市生态环境时空变化特征分析——以克拉玛依市为例

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of oasis urban ecological environment in arid region: A case study of Karamay City

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RSEI等级	2001年 RSEI均值	2001—2006年		2006年 RSEI均值	2006—2011年		2011年 RSEI均值	2011—2016年		2016年 RSEI均值
RSEI等级	2001年 RSEI均值	势	生态位	2006年 RSEI均值	势	生态位	2011年 RSEI均值	势	生态位	2016年 RSEI均值
A	0.1778	-0.0399	0.0546	0.1379	0.0103	0.0606	0.1482	-0.0167	0.0521	0.1315
B	0.3045	-0.0349	0.1104	0.2696	0.0016	0.1094	0.2712	0.0062	0.1132	0.2774
C	0.4789	-0.0121	0.1952	0.4668	0.0362	0.2056	0.5030	-0.0021	0.2033	0.5009
D	0.6914	-0.0367	0.2721	0.6547	0.0317	0.2791	0.6864	0.0255	0.2913	0.7119
E	0.8519	0.0190	0.3677	0.8709	-0.0116	0.3453	0.8594	-0.0186	0.3401	0.8408

RSEI 等级	2001年		2006年		2011年		2016年
RSEI 等级	经度/E	纬度/N	经度/E	纬度/N	经度/E	纬度/N	经度/E	纬度/N
A	85°00′13.51880″	45°06′38.45573″	84°57′37.04680″	45°09′44.24302″	84°57′05.06798″	45°03′44.26575″	84°54′30.91428″	45°14′59.11490″
B	84°54′50.28787″	45°13′28.15689″	84°52′15.42253″	45°13′33.02934″	84°53′27.15518″	45°16′44.03351″	84°54′02.83357″	45°10′47.48842″
C	84°51′25.98427″	45°06′06.34960″	84°54′52.09637″	45°08′19.29840″	84°53′53.87569″	45°05′18.73948″	84°57′39.73842″	45°11′42.68208″
D	85°03′51.65940″	45°16′40.94337″	84°58′57.01781″	45°22′49.77506″	84°55′47.51930″	45°05′30.36632″	84°55′18.64866″	45°05′43.32496″
E	85°05′19.97127″	45°18′41.47623″	84°44′34.73225″	44°57′30.56622″	85°02′13.76825″	45°18′08.03169″	84°54′02.74515″	44°59′54.89837″

RSEI 等级	2001—2006年		2006—2011年		2011—2016年
RSEI 等级	偏移距离/km	方位角/（°）	偏移距离/km	方位角/（°）	偏移距离/km	方位角/（°）
A	6.55	328.65	11.18	183.62	20.79	350.84
B	3.36	270.95	6.05	14.91	11.04	175.96
C	6.08	47.74	5.72	192.84	12.83	22.54
D	13.07	330.72	32.36	187.33	0.74	302.14
E	47.70	214.80	44.62	31.06	35.47	197.55

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