黄河流域城市旅游业高质量发展水平测度与空间格局特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.103

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旅游业高质量发展是当前和今后更长时期我国旅游业发展的核心主题，准确把握旅游业高质量发展的内涵特征，科学测度旅游业高质量发展水平，是探寻其发展路径的基础。基于旅游基本属性和新发展理念构建了旅游业高质量发展水平评价指标体系，运用熵值法、探索性空间分析等方法测度并探讨了2019年黄河流域旅游业高质量发展水平及空间格局特征。结果表明：（1）分维度上，黄河流域旅游业高质量发展水平整体偏低，高值区占比在11%~40%之间，低值区占比在30%~72%之间，平稳高效、公平共享及创新驱动等分维度高值区占比低于10%；综合维度上，黄河流域各城市旅游业高质量发展水平整体偏低，中低水平占比71.67%，高值区占比28.33%。（2）分维度和综合维度均存在显著的空间分异特征，综合维度上旅游业高质量发展水平整体由下游向上游梯级递减；分维度上稳定高效水平呈现西高、中低、东居中的特点，绿色持续水平呈现上中游高、下游低的特点，其余各维度的分异趋势与综合维度相同。（3）稳定高效、绿色持续、协调发展、文旅融合等评价维度和综合维度存在显著的空间依赖效应，分维度、综合维度的空间集聚特征各不相同，但均呈现出高值、低值分异集聚的“空间极化”特征。

关键词: 旅游业高质量发展, 测度, 空间格局, 黄河流域

Abstract:

The high-quality development of tourism is the core theme of China’s tourism development during the current period and the longer-term future. Thus, an accurate grasp of the connotation and characteristics of high-quality development of tourism and scientific measurement of the high-quality development level of tourism must form the basis for the exploration of its development path. Drawing on the essential attributes of tourism and the new development concept, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of tourism and uses the entropy value method and exploratory spatial analysis to measure the high-quality development of tourism and the characteristics of spatial patterns in the Yellow River Basin that were prevailing in 2019. The study shows the following results: (1) In terms of subdimensions, the overall level of high-quality development of the tourism industry in the Yellow River Basin is low, with the proportion of high-value zones ranging from 11% to 40%, the proportion of low-value zones ranging from 30% to 72%, and the proportion of high-value zones in the subdimensions of smoothness-efficient, fairness-shared, and innovation-driven being less than 10%. In terms of comprehensiveness, the high-quality level of development of the tourism industry in the cities of the Yellow River Basin is relatively low, with a low to medium level accounting for 71.67% and a high-value area of 28.33%. (2) There are significant features of spatial differentiation in both the subdimension and the composite dimension. In the composite dimension, the high-quality development level of the tourism industry as a whole decreases from the downstream to the upstream gradient; in the subdimension, the stable and efficient levels are high in the west, low in the middle, and medium in the east; the levels of green and sustainable are high upstream, medium in the middle, and low downstream and, finally, the trend of the differentiation across the remaining dimensions is the same as those of the composite dimension. (3) There is a significant spatial dependence effect in the dimensions stable and efficient, green and sustainable, coordinated development, culture and tourism integration, and comprehensive. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of the subdimension and the comprehensive dimension differ. However, all characteristics exhibit spatial polarization featuring high- and low-value differentiated agglomeration.

Key words: high-quality development of tourism, measurement, spatial pattern, Yellow River Basin

田小波. 黄河流域城市旅游业高质量发展水平测度与空间格局特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(9): 1660-1671.

TIAN Xiaobo. Measurement and spatial pattern characteristics of tourism high-quality development level of urbans in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(9): 1660-1671.

图/表 7

图1

表1

表2

黄河流域城市旅游业高质量发展水平测度结果"

市（州/盟）	稳定高效水平	公平共享水平	绿色持续水平	创新驱动水平	协调发展水平	文旅融合水平	旅游业高质量发展水平
西宁市	4.70	7.44	21.12	1.42	4.38	5.65	44.71
海东市	6.37	2.46	17.59	0.37	1.93	3.40	32.13
海北州	17.74	2.68	14.61	0.11	7.76	1.87	44.77
黄南州	8.40	5.39	15.58	0.03	3.49	0.85	33.74
海南州	16.76	0.16	17.35	0.08	3.18	1.53	39.06
果洛州	5.08	6.08	18.35	0.02	0.29	0.16	29.98
玉树州	6.45	3.46	25.91	0.04	2.08	0.70	38.64
阿坝州	5.62	2.39	25.33	0.83	13.08	5.43	52.67
兰州市	9.41	7.51	19.49	17.84	2.25	8.56	65.06
白银市	13.46	3.50	24.04	0.76	1.68	3.78	47.23
天水市	10.61	5.57	25.46	2.63	4.64	6.16	55.07
平凉市	11.01	3.04	25.11	0.40	3.51	4.82	47.89
庆阳市	7.77	2.99	22.63	0.36	0.27	4.51	38.53
定西市	10.09	2.75	21.86	0.23	0.56	4.53	40.03
临夏州	16.04	1.83	22.24	0.33	4.18	5.09	49.70
甘南州	8.66	6.70	25.24	0.23	3.05	4.96	48.83
银川市	4.99	10.61	29.49	2.58	2.39	8.99	59.05
石嘴山市	2.70	15.25	37.23	0.62	0.63	3.83	60.25
吴忠市	8.99	3.67	26.70	0.52	2.84	4.58	47.30
固原市	12.36	8.45	25.80	0.57	4.57	4.47	56.23
中卫市	9.69	8.74	29.42	0.56	3.86	4.29	56.56
呼和浩特市	9.04	13.01	21.61	3.56	4.01	8.61	59.83
包头市	9.48	6.45	25.83	1.01	2.14	6.27	51.16
乌海市	11.09	4.76	24.31	0.12	1.08	3.12	44.49
鄂尔多斯市	9.79	5.16	26.32	0.69	0.99	8.67	51.61
巴彦淖尔市	9.52	7.27	22.06	0.17	0.33	4.47	43.83
阿拉善盟	20.87	4.19	22.87	0.35	8.43	4.01	60.72
太原市	6.32	13.37	16.91	6.93	1.34	10.03	54.90
长治市	7.91	8.03	19.56	1.56	2.30	7.75	47.10
晋城市	8.67	6.59	15.10	0.94	2.84	6.31	40.46
朔州市	9.16	5.77	20.05	0.37	1.39	4.88	41.62
晋中市	10.16	9.42	14.82	1.91	5.29	8.22	49.81
运城市	10.22	9.06	13.62	2.33	3.15	7.79	46.17
忻州市	9.15	6.05	18.06	1.35	3.78	6.65	45.05
临汾市	10.75	7.24	11.70	1.22	3.12	7.64	41.67
吕梁市	10.20	6.35	20.84	0.74	2.12	6.61	46.84
西安市	12.44	29.84	15.59	30.76	3.41	14.48	106.52
铜川市	7.00	5.04	18.87	1.22	4.94	3.74	40.81
宝鸡市	10.26	8.99	19.98	3.76	4.46	7.67	55.11
咸阳市	4.56	7.45	11.43	2.62	1.88	6.51	34.45
渭南市	6.17	17.22	13.93	4.73	3.40	5.20	50.66
延安市	9.76	6.73	24.04	3.49	2.90	6.91	53.84
榆林市	8.45	17.11	21.83	1.61	0.12	6.02	55.14
商洛市	7.97	8.35	22.68	3.06	4.88	4.78	51.72
郑州市	4.39	25.85	14.13	33.84	6.16	13.29	97.66
开封市	14.59	11.03	15.51	5.66	14.48	7.95	69.22
洛阳市	9.11	21.12	11.85	19.07	12.48	11.97	85.61
新乡市	7.61	6.79	14.34	5.48	5.50	7.02	46.75
焦作市	8.50	13.14	12.73	5.18	7.99	6.48	54.01
濮阳市	12.98	4.08	16.34	0.71	0.43	5.29	39.83
三门峡市	11.00	7.43	15.39	4.14	14.38	5.87	58.20
济南市	5.01	24.61	15.23	46.08	2.23	11.21	104.38
淄博市	6.15	20.82	15.07	13.73	3.98	9.05	68.79
东营市	4.66	12.27	16.52	4.37	0.75	5.73	44.30
济宁市	6.74	19.04	13.35	10.02	3.67	9.48	62.30
泰安市	9.12	16.77	15.08	13.33	6.74	8.20	69.24
德州市	4.23	12.53	14.25	5.56	0.85	6.08	43.49
聊城市	6.27	11.93	13.89	4.82	1.57	5.65	44.13
滨州市	5.60	12.20	18.01	4.37	0.96	6.04	47.17
菏泽市	6.97	14.11	14.28	2.14	0.62	6.07	44.18

表2

图2

表3

图3

图4

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评价维度	准则层	指标层（代码）	指标属性	指标计算
稳定高效	稳定性	近5 a旅游收入增长波动（X₁）	负向	旅游总收入增长率变动的绝对值
稳定高效	效率水平	旅游业全员劳动生产率（X₂）	正向	旅游业总收入与旅游业从业人员的比值
公平共享	公平发展	居民旅游收入弹性（X₃）	正向	当地居民收入增长率与当地旅游收入增长率的比值
	社会效益	免费开放的博物馆数量（X₄）	正向	直接获取
	社会效益	建成区公园绿地面积（X₅）	正向	直接获取
绿色持续	资源消耗	单位旅游收入能耗（X₆）	负向	能源消费总量与地区旅游综合收入的比值
	环境治理	空气优良天数（X₇）	正向	直接获取
	生态保护	建成区绿化覆盖率（X₈）	正向	直接获取
创新驱动	创新投入	旅游业研发经费投入（X₉）	正向	全社会研发经费数额乘以旅游业产值占经济生产总值的比值
	创新投入	旅游业研发人员数量（X₁₀）	正向	全社会研发人员数乘以旅游业从业人员占地区就业总人数的比值
	创新产出	旅游业科技专利发明数量（X₁₁）	正向	通过Innojoy专利搜索引擎检索整理
	创新产出	旅游学术论文发表（X₁₂）	正向	在CNKI以“旅游”为主题，“地区”为作者机构检索获取
协调发展	产业结构协调度	旅游产业结构合理化（X₁₃）	正向	K=(e_i_j/e_j)/(E_i/E)
文旅融合	文旅产业融合发展水平	文旅产业耦合协调度（X₁₄）	正向	耦合协调度模型

评价维度		全局Moran’s I	P值	Z值	分布状态
分维度	稳定高效	0.0922	0.0005	3.4602	集聚
	公平共享	0.0330	0.1227	1.5432	随机
	绿色持续	0.4595	0.0000	13.7576	集聚
	创新驱动	-0.0157	0.9625	0.0470	随机
	协调发展	0.0844	0.0042	2.8591	集聚
	文旅融合	0.1872	0.0000	5.4028	集聚
综合维度		0.1096	0.0006	3.3976	集聚