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干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 1469-1479.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.746 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024746

• 城镇化研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

城镇化过程中干旱区绿洲与绿洲城市空间协同演变及其模式分析

韩宇晨1(), 孙钦珂1,2,3(), 周亮1,2,3, 李宇昂1   

  1. 1.兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院，甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心，甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.甘肃省测绘科学与技术重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-08 修回日期:2025-02-16 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 孙钦珂（1995-），男，博士，讲师，主要从事干旱区城市生态环境空间模拟研究. E-mail: qksun@lzjtu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:韩宇晨（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区绿洲动态监测研究. E-mail: 12222038@stu.lzjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42271214);甘肃省科技计划(23ZDKA0004);甘肃省青年科技基金(25JRRA209);兰州市科技计划项目(2024-3-93)

Spatial synergistic evolution of oasis and oasis cities in arid zones in the process of urbanization and analysis of their patterns

HAN Yuchen1(), SUN Qinke1,2,3(), ZHOU Liang1,2,3, LI Yu’ang1   

  1. 1. Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2. National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Science and Technology in Surveying & Mapping, Gansu Province (Lanzhou Jiaotong University), Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-12-08 Revised:2025-02-16 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-08-21

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摘要： 绿洲城市作为绿洲系统中承载人口集聚、经济活动与公共服务功能的核心空间单元，其扩张过程不仅受绿洲生态格局的制约，也在空间上推动了绿洲的演变。系统识别绿洲与绿洲城市的演变特征，是实现干旱区生态保护与空间开发协调发展的关键基础。首先识别2000—2023年中国西北干旱区绿洲与绿洲城市空间面积分布，分析绿洲与绿洲城市的空间演变趋势，然后构建绿洲城市协同指数（Oasis city synergy index，OCSI），定量评估研究区绿洲与绿洲城市的协同演变特征，并进一步探究绿洲城市的扩张模式。结果表明：（1）2000—2023年研究区绿洲与绿洲城市的面积持续增长，但绿洲斑块数量有所减少，绿洲呈现“大型化、集中化”趋势。（2）绿洲城市协同演变趋势分类和OCSI计算结果发现，8个地区为趋势相似型，23个地区为趋势相反型，且2000—2023年绿洲与绿洲城市的协同度逐渐增强。（3）基于绿洲与绿洲城市协同趋势与OCSI综合评价结果得到，填充扩张与边缘扩张模式的绿洲城市协同度普遍较高，而跳跃扩张与沿河扩张模式的绿洲城市由于扩张方式分散或依水线蔓延，OCSI波动大，协同度较低。研究结果识别并揭示了西北干旱区绿洲与绿洲城市之间的空间演变关系，可为缓解干旱区绿洲人地矛盾、推动可持续发展提供理论依据与决策支持。

关键词: 绿洲, 绿洲城市, 协同指数, 扩张模式, 西北干旱区

Abstract:

As the core spatial units of oasis systems—hosting concentrated population functions, economic activities, and public services—the expansion of oasis cities is constrained by ecological patterns while simultaneously driving oasis evolution. Systematically identifying the spatial-temporal evolution of oasis and oasis cities is fundamental for coordinating ecological protection and spatial development in arid zones. This study delineates the spatial distribution of oasis in northwest China from 2000 to 2023 using evapotranspiration and the normalized difference vegetation index, while urban expansion data are extracted from the annual China land cover dataset. A synergy assessment is conducted by constructing an oasis and city synergy index (OCSI) to quantify the coordination between oasis and urban expansion across 31 typical oasis cities. Further, the impacts of various urban expansion patterns on oasis landscape structures are classified. The findings reveal that: (1) From 2000 to 2023, oasis areas increased by 0.90×105 km2, representing a 36.89% expansion. Concurrently, the number of oasis patches declined from 135 to 101, indicating a trend toward larger and more consolidated oasis, mainly through edge expansion and infilling. Urban areas expanded by 4.34×103 km2—a 361.60% increase—outpacing oasis growth. Urban spatial expansion was categorized into four patterns: Infilling, edge expansion, leapfrogging, and river-dependent expansion. (2) OCSI analysis indicates that the urban and oasis expansion rates were similar in 8 cities, while critical disparities existed in the remaining 23. Terrain complexity and resource limitations contributed to mismatches, whereas economically developed or well-managed cities exhibited higher synergy levels. (3) Cities dominated by edge or infilling expansion modes displayed higher OCSI values, reflecting stronger spatial synergy with oasis expansion. By contrast, cities characterized by leapfrogging or river-dependent expansion showed low and fluctuating synergy owing to their dispersed spatial patterns or linear development along water bodies. This study elucidates the complex spatial interaction between urban development and oasis evolution in the northwest arid zone. Although these processes are dynamically coupled, coordinated development does not spontaneously occur. Achieving sustainable long-term balance necessitates region-specific strategies to optimize urban and oasis spatial configurations, thereby fostering synergistic evolution and ensuring ecological security and sustainable development in arid regions.

Key words: oasis, oasis city, synergy index, expansion model, arid zone of northwest China