黄河流域乡村旅游重点村空间分布及影响因素

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.181

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 乡村旅游重点村的空间分异格局及其影响因素分析对黄河流域统筹推进乡村振兴战略实施、保障流域生态屏障功能及活化地域文化遗产具有重要战略意义。运用空间分析法对2023年黄河流域9省区65个市域内的244个国家级乡村旅游重点村展开空间分异特征的定量解析，并融合随机森林回归模型与地理探测器方法，揭示其空间集聚模式及影响因素。结果表明：（1）黄河流域乡村旅游重点村在空间上具有显著集聚性与不均衡性，整体呈“多核集聚-带状延伸”空间分布格局。（2）随机森林回归模型与地理探测器分析显示，距省会城市距离、非物质文化遗产数量及高程是影响乡村旅游重点村空间分异的关键驱动因子，体现出“区位-资源-自然”协同作用的主导驱动机制。（3）因子交互作用探测显示，路网密度、城镇化率与其他因素的交互作用是影响乡村旅游重点村空间分异的主导因素组合，距省会城市距离与年平均降水量的交互效应呈现出最高空间解释力，揭示重点村流域分异与开发矛盾并存。

关键词: 乡村旅游, 随机森林, 地理探测器, 空间分布, 黄河流域

Abstract:

The analysis of the spatial distribution and influencing factors of key rural tourism villages in the Yellow River Basin of China is of significant strategic importance for the coordinated implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the safeguarding of the basin’s ecological barrier function, and the activation of regional cultural heritage in the basin. Using spatial analysis, this study quantitatively analyzed the spatial distribution of 244 national key rural tourism villages across nine provinces/autonomous regions and 65 cities in the Yellow River Basin in 2023. Integrating the random forest regression model and geodetector, this study systematically reveals their spatial distribution and influencing factors. The findings reveal the following. (1) Key rural tourism villages in the Yellow River Basin exhibit significant spatial agglomeration and imbalance, forming a distribution pattern of a multi-core clustering with belt-shaped extension. (2) Random forest regression and geodetector analyses show that the distance from provincial capital cities, amount of intangible cultural heritages, and elevation are key driving factors that affect the spatial differentiation of key rural tourism villages, reflecting the dominant driving mechanism of location-resource-nature synergy. (3) Factor interaction detection shows that the interaction between road network density, urbanization rate, and other factors forms the dominant factor combination that affects the spatial differentiation between key rural tourism villages. The interaction effect between distance from provincial capital cities and annual average precipitation provides the highest spatial explanatory power, revealing the coexistence of basin differentiation and the development contradictions among key villages.

Key words: rural tourism, random forest, geographical detector, spatial distribution, Yellow River Basin

李珂, 何静, 孟阳阳, 李昌睿. 黄河流域乡村旅游重点村空间分布及影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(11): 2031-2041.

LI Ke, HE Jing, MENG Yangyang, LI Changrui. Spatial distribution and influencing factors of key rural tourism villages in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(11): 2031-2041.

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一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	指标释义	单位
自然环境条件	自然地理特征	高程（x₁）	重点村海拔高度	m
	自然地理特征	河网密度（x₂）	各市区内河流总长度/市区面积	km·km^-2
	气候与水文	年平均降水量（x₃）	各市区年平均降雨量	mm
	气候与水文	年平均气温（x₄）	各市区年平均气温	℃
	生态环境质量	植被覆盖度（x₅）	各市区地表植被覆盖/市区面积	-
	生态环境质量	空气质量优良率（x₆）	区域空气质量的整体状况	-
社会经济条件	人口与城镇化	人口密度（x₇）	各市区人口总量/市区面积	人·km^-2
	人口与城镇化	城镇化率（x₈）	城镇人口占总人口的比例	-
	经济发展水平	城镇居民人均可支配收入（x₉）	各市区城镇人口收入水平	元
	经济发展水平	人均GDP（x₁₀）	经济基础支撑	元
	交通与区位	路网密度（x₁₁）	各市区内道路总长度/市区面积	km·km^-2
	交通与区位	距省会城市距离（x₁₂）	区位优势、经济辐射影响和交通可达性	km
旅游产业条件	资源禀赋	A级景区数量（x₁₃）	重点村所在市区A级景区数量	个
	资源禀赋	非物质文化遗产数量（x₁₄）	重点村所在市区非物质文化遗产数量	个
	旅游经济规模	全年接待国内外游客数（x₁₅）	旅游市场活力及吸引力水平	人
	旅游经济规模	旅游总收入（x₁₆）	旅游业市场地位	元

影响因素	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	x₅	x₆	x₇	x₈	x₉	x₁₀	x₁₁	x₁₂	x₁₃	x₁₄	x₁₅	x₁₆
x₁	0.20
x₂	0.28	0.06
x₃	0.33	0.28	0.18
x₄	0.26	0.31	0.39	0.15
x₅	0.32	0.17	0.29	0.37	0.04
x₆	0.27	0.19	0.42	0.31	0.28	0.13
x₇	0.36	0.25	0.34	0.33	0.19	0.35	0.09
x₈	0.40	0.31	0.42	0.30	0.43	0.40	0.31	0.15
x₉	0.40	0.24	0.37	0.25	0.37	0.38	0.27	0.25	0.04
x₁₀	0.25	0.11	0.29	0.25	0.15	0.19	0.17	0.26	0.09	0.02
x₁₁	0.47	0.31	0.42	0.47	0.40	0.41	0.25	0.47	0.42	0.23	0.15
x₁₂	0.43	0.33	0.54	0.43	0.20	0.45	0.30	0.44	0.26	0.18	0.33	0.15
x₁₃	0.31	0.26	0.33	0.29	0.22	0.35	0.33	0.27	0.22	0.07	0.35	0.30	0.01
x₁₄	0.45	0.41	0.40	0.42	0.26	0.49	0.22	0.43	0.28	0.15	0.33	0.34	0.21	0.10
x₁₅	0.26	0.16	0.32	0.22	0.19	0.31	0.18	0.27	0.16	0.20	0.28	0.30	0.13	0.26	0.05
x₁₆	0.32	0.17	0.29	0.26	0.19	0.25	0.15	0.26	0.16	0.14	0.24	0.28	0.16	0.19	0.18	0.09