垄沟覆盖集雨模式对玉米根际土壤微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.431

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确垄沟覆盖集雨模式对玉米根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响，选取“登义”2号为试验材料，采用单因素完全随机试验设计，以常规平栽不覆盖为对照（CK），依次设置垄覆普通黑色地膜沟不覆盖（HL）、垄覆液态地膜沟不覆盖（YL）、垄不覆盖沟覆秸秆（NJ）、垄覆液态地膜沟覆秸秆（YJ）、垄覆普通黑色地膜沟覆秸秆（HJ）共计6个处理，利用Illumina高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物群落构成及多样性。结果表明：（1）垄覆膜沟覆秸秆的集雨模式均有利于玉米增产、提高水分利用效率，其中HJ处理的穗行数、千粒重、产量及水分利用效率均最大，分别较对照CK提高11.22%、31.31%、88.02%、79.83%，且与CK间差异均显著（P<0.05），而垄无覆盖沟覆秸秆的NJ处理的产量及水分利用效率均较CK低。（2）垄覆地膜各处理均能显著提高微生物群落多样性，且能改变微生物结构，但垄无覆盖沟覆秸秆的NJ处理却不能。（3）各处理的微生物群落组成在门、纲水平上均受到覆盖集雨模式的影响。土壤微生物群落中主要优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）；主要优势菌纲为γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria，占比25.8%）、拟杆菌纲（Bacteroidia，占比8.4%）和α-变形菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria，占比7.7%），且垄沟覆盖有助于提高土壤微生物丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数，即垄沟集雨模式可通过改变土壤微生物门、纲水平的结构及组成，实现玉米增产的效果。

关键词: 垄沟集雨, 玉米, 土壤微生物群落, 覆盖

Abstract:

This study used Dengyi No. 2 maize as the experimental material to assess the effects of furrow cover rainfall collection mode on the microbial community structure and diversity of maize rhizosphere soil. A single-factor completely-randomized experimental design was adopted, and conventional plain planting without mulching was used as the control (CK). Soil microbial community composition and diversity were analyzed using Illumina high-flux sequencing technology. Six treatments comprising ridges covered with the following were set: ordinary black mulch (HL), liquid mulch (YL), straw (NJ), liquid mulch (YJ), and ordinary black mulch (HJ). The results showed that: (1) The rain-harvesting mode of ridge and furrow mulching was beneficial in increasing corn yield and water use efficiency. Among the six treatments, the number of rows per ear, 1000-grain weight, yield, and water use efficiency of treated HJ were the highest: 11.22%, 31.31%, 88.02%, and 79.83% higher than that of control CK, respectively. There were significant differences between the NJ treatment and CK (P<0.05); however, the yield and water use efficiency of NJ treatment were lower than those of the CK treatment. (2) Each treatment of ridge and furrow mulching except for NJ significantly increased microbial community diversity and changed the microbial structure. (3) The microbial community composition of each treatment was affected by the precipitation harvesting mode at the phyla and class levels. The main bacterial phyla in the soil microbial community were discovered to be Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Bacteroidetes. The main dominant Bacteroidia were Gammaproteobacteria (25.8%), Bacteroidia (8.4%), and Alphaproteobacteria (7.7%). Therefore, ridge mulching can improve soil microbial richness, diversity, and evenness index. In other words, the corrugation and rain-harvesting modes can change the structure and composition of the soil microbial at the phyla and class levels to increase corn yield.

Key words: furrow cover rainfall collection, maize, soil microbial community, cover

高彦婷, 张芮, 董博, 李青青, 刘柯含. 垄沟覆盖集雨模式对玉米根际土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(3): 413-423.

GAO Yanting, ZHANG Rui, DONG Bo, LI Qingqing, LIU Kehan. Effects of ridge mulching and rain harvesting patterns on microbial diversity in maize rhizosphere soil[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(3): 413-423.

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处理	穗长/cm	穗粗/cm	穗行数	行粒数	千粒重/g	产量/kg·hm^-2
HL	25.76±1.26a	5.31±0.27a	14.56±0.87ab	41.39±0.96a	415.88±19.70a	8525.00±1411.42ab
YL	25.42±1.77a	5.43±0.07a	14.56±0.16ab	41.39±2.01a	423.81±9.66a	9141.75±1227.94ab
NJ	26.53±0.27a	5.27±0.36a	14.89±0.42a	42.17±0.71a	334.95±41.99b	5112.88±228.41c
YJ	25.51±1.26a	5.37±0.11a	14.56±0.16ab	40.39±1.61a	428.67±16.44a	8257.03±437.33b
HJ	26.14±0.51a	5.40±0.05a	15.17±0.14a	40.06±0.68a	432.30±2.01a	10613.50±1380.44a
CK	25.58±0.47a	5.36±0.03a	13.64±0.27b	41.21±1.22a	329.21±32.39b	5644.77±565.37c

处理	播种前贮水量/mm	收获后贮水量/mm	降水量/mm	耗水量/mm	水分利用效率/kg·hm^-2·mm^-1
HL	173.88±12.86d	225.64±4.46a	390.51	338.76±14.12b	25.14±3.98ab
YL	228.44±4.39bc	219.92±13.35a	390.51	399.03±11.29a	22.87±2.63ab
NJ	243.40±9.85ab	222.28±10.98a	390.51	411.63±8.08a	12.42±0.31c
YJ	231.71±6.89bc	223.18±3.74a	390.51	399.04±4.05a	20.70±1.17b
HJ	226.99±2.65c	229.05±10.03a	390.51	388.45±7.39a	27.27±3.09a
CK	226.65±2.43c	212.17±23.39a	390.51	405.00±21.89a	13.98±1.51c

处理	样本文库覆盖率	多样性指数		群落丰富度指数		群落多样性指数
处理	样本文库覆盖率	Shannon	Simpson	Chao1	ACE	Observed_species	PD_whole_tree
YJ	0.987±0.001a	10.03±0.02a	0.998±0.0000a	4161±065a	4216±054a	3739±60ab	217±6ab
YL	0.986±0.002a	10.10±0.20a	0.998±0.0006ab	4296±341a	4351±328a	3838±250a	222±12a
HJ	0.984±0.006a	9.98±0.02a	0.998±0.0006ab	4405±645a	4451±613a	3779±226ab	223±13a
HL	0.986±0.001a	9.98±0.08a	0.997±0.0006bc	4161±143a	4226±135a	3737±122ab	218±9ab
NJ	0.987±0.001a	9.67±0.08b	0.996±0.0006bc	3912±046a	3979±057a	3485±71b	204±2b
CK	0.986±0.002a	9.75±0.14b	0.996±0.0010c	4082±206a	4152±187a	3593±115ab	210±8ab

相关指标	变形菌门（Proteobacteria）	酸杆菌门（Acidobacteri）	芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadet）	拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）	放线菌门（Actinobacteria）
含水率	-0.600^*	0.371	0.943^**	-0.829^**	0.086
温度	-0.143	-0.086	0.600^*	-0.829^**	-0.143
相关指标	浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）	绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）	疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）	厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）	己科河菌门（Rokubacteria）
含水率	0.486^*	0.486^*	-0.600^*	-0.143	-0.314
温度	0.200	0.314	-0.086	0.200	-0.771^**