宁夏县域土地利用碳排放空间分异与风险研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.671

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土地利用变化是影响区域碳排放的关键因素之一，研究土地利用碳排放时空格局变化，对合理配置土地资源、提高土地利用效率、实现节能减排具有重要意义。基于宁夏1990—2020年22个县域单元土地利用和能源数据，综合应用碳排放风险指数和碳足迹压力指数分析了宁夏各县土地利用变化和碳排放空间分异及土地利用碳排放风险。结果表明：（1） 1990—2020年宁夏土地利用变化较为强烈，建设用地动态度最大，面积增加了1578.48 km²。（2）近30 a宁夏土地利用碳排放量净增加了4969.25×10⁴ t，其中建设用地碳排放占碳排放总量的比例超过86%;碳吸收增加了23.76×10⁴ t，以林地碳吸收为主，占碳吸收总量的75%以上，呈局部集聚、整体分散的格局。（3）宁夏各县区土地利用碳排放呈增加态势，但差异较大，空间上形成沿黄县区碳排放量高于中、南部各县区的分布格局。（4）宁夏各县区土地利用碳排放风险和压力较大，生态系统碳平衡失调。

关键词: 土地利用, 碳排放, 碳排放风险, 压力指数, 宁夏

Abstract:

Land use changes considerably influence carbon emissions and carbon storage, rendering an investigation into the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions from land use transformations is essential. Such a study holds great importance to the rational allocation of land resources, the improvement of land use efficiency, and the realization of energy saving and emission reduction. Herein, based on land use and energy data from 1990—2020 in 22 county units in Ningxia Province, China, we comprehensively applied the carbon emission risk index and carbon footprint pressure index to analyze land use changes, spatial differentiation of carbon emissions, and carbon emission risk associated with land use of counties in Ningxia. The results are as follows: (1) Land use change in Ningxia has been substantially strong from 1990 to 2020. Notably, the dynamic degree of construction land was the largest, with an increase of 1578.48 km². (2) During this period, the net carbon emissions of land use in Ningxia increased by 4969.25×10⁴ t. Notably, net carbon emissions exhibited an average annual growth rate of 15.71% from 2000 to 2020, nearly doubling every decade. Meanwhile, the carbon emissions of construction land account for >86% of the total carbon emissions. The amount of carbon absorptions in Ningxia increased by 23.76×10⁴ t, mainly forest carbon absorptions, accounting for >75% of the total carbon absorptions, showing a pattern of local agglomeration and overall dispersion. (3) The land use carbon emissions of each county showed an increasing trend but with a profound difference. Northern counties experienced the most pronounced growth rate of carbon emissions, and the spatial distribution pattern of carbon emissions of the counties along the Yellow River was higher than that in the central and southern counties. (4) Each country suffers from high risk and pressure of land use carbon emissions, where carbon emissions and carbon absorption are highly uncoordinated, leading to an imbalance in the ecosystem carbon balance.

Key words: land use, carbon emission, carbon emission risk, pressure index, Ningxia

贾科利,李小雨,魏慧敏,刘瑞亮,李浩宇,杨思雨. 宁夏县域土地利用碳排放空间分异与风险研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(11): 1757-1767.

JIA Keli,LI Xiaoyu,WEI Huimin,LIU Ruiliang,LI Haoyu,YANG Siyu. Spatial differentiation and risk of land use carbon emissions in county region of Ningxia[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(11): 1757-1767.

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土地利用类型	碳排放系数/kg·m^-2·a^-1	参考文献
耕地	0.4970	冯杰等^[22]，马远等^[23]
林地	-0.5810	冯杰等^[22]，马远等^[23]
草地	-0.0205	郑永超等^[20]
水域	-0.0253	郑永超等^[20]，孙赫等^[24]
未利用土地	-0.0005	郑永超等^[20]，孙赫等^[24]

土地利用类型	面积占比				土地利用变化动态度
土地利用类型	1990年	2000年	2010年	2020年	1990—2000年	2000—2010年	2010—2020年
耕地	31.63	35.98	34.54	33.70	1.37	-0.40	-0.17
林地	4.25	4.45	5.19	5.67	0.46	1.66	1.00
草地	50.64	46.03	45.59	44.72	-0.91	-0.10	-0.11
水域	1.82	1.82	1.88	1.98	0.00	0.34	0.60
建设用地	1.73	1.96	3.29	4.76	1.32	6.77	4.56
未利用土地	9.93	9.76	9.50	9.18	-0.17	-0.26	-0.26

年份	碳排放量/10⁴ t	碳排放占比/%		碳吸收量/10⁴ t	碳吸收占比/%				净排放量/10⁴ t
年份	碳排放量/10⁴ t	耕地	建设用地	碳吸收量/10⁴ t	林地	草地	水域	未利用土地	净排放量/10⁴ t
1990	1291.06	62.76	37.24	-183.55	69.42	29.15	1.29	0.14	1107.51
2000	1517.16	60.75	39.25	-184.61	72.23	26. 35	1.28	0.14	1332.55
2010	3269.62	27.07	72.93	-206.36	75.35	23. 35	1.19	0.12	3063.25
2020	6284.07	13.85	86.15	-207.31	75.54	23. 09	1.25	0.11	6076.76

县区	风险指数				压力指数
县区	1990年	2000年	2010年	2020年	1990年	2000年	2010年	2020年
兴庆区	1.43	1.78	7.41	1.57	55.60	76.19	273.12	94.58
西夏区	0.69	0 91	3.19	2.87	12.42	17.50	58.11	53.95
金凤区	0.95	1.40	5.17	1.81	129.97	207.30	634.40	302.61
永宁县	0.48	0.57	1.42	1.28	25.28	29.82	64.24	62.92
贺兰县	0.39	0.41	1.05	0.75	7.92	8.52	19.82	14.69
灵武市	0.09	0.15	0.89	8.94	2.63	3.87	15.33	154.44
大武口	0.81	0.94	2.34	1.54	13.13	14.57	36.49	25.74
惠农区	0.17	0.20	1.52	4.72	6.55	6.71	44.46	144.42
平罗县	0.29	0.32	0.82	3.27	5.78	6.25	14.67	60.40
利通区	0.49	0.59	1.22	1.06	13.10	15.26	32.66	32.26
红寺堡区	0.07	0.15	0.17	0.34	4.65	8.84	9.02	11.65
盐池县	0.09	0.14	0.14	0.14	3.11	4.53	3.48	3.43
同心县	0.19	0.22	0.29	0.22	8.79	10.03	7.73	5.37
青铜峡市	0.36	0.44	0.90	1.98	13.24	17.18	38.03	78.76
原州区	0.22	0.23	0.43	0.64	5.25	5.08	8.43	11.77
西吉县	0.25	0.28	0.38	0.32	13.52	14.93	17.32	14.43
隆德县	0.26	0.31	0.37	0.32	6.48	7.50	8.05	7.15
泾源县	0.01	0.00	0.08	0.09	1.07	1.02	1.42	1.47
彭阳县	0.21	0.20	0.29	0.24	7.28	6.38	8.21	7.06
沙坡头区	0.12	0.13	0.33	0.84	6.25	6.86	13.31	36.11
中宁县	0.16	0.20	0.46	1.17	8.54	10.83	23.87	57.37
海原县	0.20	0.21	0.26	0.23	9.63	8.58	9.15	8.24
全区	0.23	0.27	0.65	1.30	7.03	8.22	15.84	30.31