基于时序Landsat的油区环境要素时空演变特征分析——以克拉玛依油区为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 戈壁荒漠区生态环境脆弱，工业化进程中的环境风险高，及时获取工业化进程中基础环境要素演变有助于监控潜在的环境风险。以克拉玛依油区为例，通过遥感获取更大区域的植被和陆表水分布时序特征，分析工业化进程中区域环境要素时空变化特征及其对周边区域环境的影响。利用1977-2016年Landsat和MSS数据，基于NDVI和湿度反演陆表植被和水域覆盖，通过回归分析和复现率获取植被和陆表水分布的时序特征，结合区域内月平均陆表温度和降水信息，分析环境要素时空演变趋势。结果表明：城镇工业区植被覆盖总体改善，存在局部的植被覆盖退化区；研究区内大区域植被覆盖呈明显持续改善，陆表水分布环境稳定，区域环境要素的时空演变表现出不同的阶段性特征；区域环境要素时空演变的空间分布格局体现与人类活动的高相关性，人类活动是区域内环境要素改变的重要影响因素。城镇工业化进程中局部的环境要素退化难以避免，合理规划人类活动，可以促进大区域环境与工业化进程的协调发展，遥感技术可以监测工业化进程与区域环境演变的相关性。

关键词: 环境要素, 时空演变, 工业化进程, 遥感监测

Abstract: It is of great significance to get timely environmental elements evolution information promptly in order to understand and control the influence of local industrialization and urbanization to regional environment. The spatio-temporal evolution of the vegetation cover, land surface water distribution, and the relation between environment elements and regional industrialization and urbanization were analyzed based on the selected six scenes of Landsat and MSS data of Karamay City, Xinjiang, China and its surrounding regions from 1977 to 2016. The extraction of vegetation cover and land surface water distribution were performed by the threshold setting based on NDVI and WI. Using method of linear regression and surface water recurrence, the vegetation cover variation tendency in different time period were calculated to characterize the environment dynamics and its relation with human activities during the industrialization, combined with continuous meteorological data and traffic lines extracted from images from 1977 to 2011. The results showed that the vegetation cover presents a signifi-cant and long-lasting increasing trend over the 40 years by an area of 1 049.1 km² in this region yet there was a degradation area which existed in the industrial zone with an area of 60.1 km². The vegetation coverage improvement trend exhibited a two-stage feature in the industrial zone with one stage having slight decrease and the other, continuous increase. But it displayed a three-stage feature at a large scale(of the whole city) as a slow increase, to fast increase and to a stable status. The distribution of actual surface water recurrence rate exhibited a slow increasing of permanent water body around inhabitation area and a seasonal fluctuation of free water body in the wetlands. Given the changes in the traffic network coverage in the study area, the improvement trend of environment elements showed the correlation with the distribution of inhabitation area where the production activities of oil industry took place. This study demonstrated that industrial production behavior in Karamay oil field promoted the regional environment improvement in the surrounding areas. The remote sensing technology can be of great help in monitoring the influence of local industrialization on regional environmental elements.

Key words: environmental elements, spatio-temporal evolution, industrialization, remote sensing monitoring

中图分类号:

TP79

刘杨, 张楠楠, 郭红燕, 庄炀, 董文彤, 邹立群, 周红英. 基于时序Landsat的油区环境要素时空演变特征分析——以克拉玛依油区为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(3): 616-624.

LIU Yang, ZHANG Nan-nan, GUO Hong-yan, ZHUANG Yang, DONG Wen-tong, ZOU Li-qun, ZHOU Hong-ying. Spatial and temporal characteristics of environmental elements evolution in oil field based on time series of remote sensing: Acase of Karamay City[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(3): 616-624.

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