我国风蚀区风速日变率时空变化特征

干旱区地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 480-487.

我国风蚀区风速日变率时空变化特征

袁莹莹², 殷水清^1,2, 谢云^1,2, 郭中领³

1 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875;
2 北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875;
3 河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院, 河北石家庄 050024

收稿日期:2017-12-25 修回日期:2018-03-02 出版日期:2018-05-25
通讯作者: 殷水清(1980-),女,湖南省宁乡市人,副教授,主要从事气候影响评价等研究.E-mail:yinshuiqing@bnu.edu.cn
作者简介:袁莹莹(1993-),女,河南省南乐县人,硕士研究生,主要从事风随机模拟研究.E-mail:1271598175@qq.com
基金资助:
国家青年科学基金（210100129）

Temporal and spatial characteristics of diurnal variations of wind speed in wind erosion areas over China

YUAN Ying-ying², YIN Shui-qing^1,2, XIE Yun^1,2, GUO Zhong-ling³

1 State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2 Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
3 College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China

Received:2017-12-25 Revised:2018-03-02 Online:2018-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于我国风蚀区239个气象站点逐时风速数据，采用谐波分析方法分析我国风蚀区风速日变率特征。结果表明：85.3%的站点有且只有第一个谐波通过F检验，日变率以24 h为周期；14.2%的站点第一和二个谐波通过检验，日变率以24 h为主周期，以12 h为副周期；西藏墨竹工卡站第一和三个谐波通过检验。日平均风速变化范围为0.96~8.36 m·s^-1，均值为2.42 m·s^-1；风速>3 m·s^-1站点集中分布在内蒙古北部高原、青藏高原地形平坦的高原区、甘肃河西走廊及新疆东北部。季节风速表现出春季 > 冬季 > 夏季 > 秋季的特征；第一个谐波振幅变化范围为0.28~3.28 m·s^-1；相位变化范围为-1.55~4.67，集中在3.21~4.67，表明大部分站点在午后风速值达到最大。研究可为逐时风速的随机模拟提供基础，进而为风蚀区风蚀量估算提供更好的数据支撑。

关键词: 风蚀, 逐时风速日变率, 谐波分析, 时空变化

Abstract: Wind erosion has been a serious problem in the northern and northwestern China. Wind speed is one of the driving factors for the wind erosion and plays an important role. The wind erosion models require high resolution wind data, such as hourly data, to estimate the event wind erosion amount. The wind speed data from the metrological stations is difficult to meet the requirements from wind erosion models on temporal and spatial coverage. The stochastic simulation of wind speed is one of the alternatives to solve the problem. Harmonic analysis of hourly surface wind speed was performed to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of diurnal surface wind speed change based on the data from 239 meteorological stations in the north and northwest of China. F-test was used to detect significant harmonics which have significant contribution to diurnal wind speed change. The main conclusions are as follows:For 204 stations(about 85.3% of the total), only the first harmonic had significant contribution to the diurnal wind speed change, which indicated the wind speed cycle of diurnal variation is 24 h. For 34 stations(about 14.2% of the total), the first two harmonics had significant contribution. The explained variations of the first harmonic is larger than the second harmonic, which suggested the main-cycle of diurnal variation is 24 h and the sub-cycle is 12 h for these stations. The daily mean wind speed ranged from 0.96 to 8.36 m·s^-1 with an average value of 2.42 m·s^-1. The stations with recorded wind speed greater than 3 m·s^-1 were located in the northern Mongolian Plateau, the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, flat areas in the Tibetan Plateau and the northeastern Xinjiang Province. The seasonal mean wind speed had a descending order from spring to winter to summer and to autumn. The characteristics of the amplitude and phase for the winds recorded by the 204 stations with only the first harmonic being significant were analyzed. The amplitude ranged from 0.28 to 3.28 m·s^-1. The phase ranged from -1.56 to 4.67(with a concentration on the range between 3.21 and 4.67), which indicated the daily maximum wind speed appearing during the time period from 13:00 PM to 18:00 PM. This study on diurnal variation can provide theory basis for the stochastic simulation of hourly wind speed, which in turn can provide hourly wind speed data to improve the estimation of wind erosion.

Key words: wind erosion, hourly wind speed, diurnal variation, harmonic analysis, temporal and spatialvariation

中图分类号:

P333

袁莹莹, 殷水清, 谢云, 郭中领. 我国风蚀区风速日变率时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(3): 480-487.

YUAN Ying-ying, YIN Shui-qing, XIE Yun, GUO Zhong-ling. Temporal and spatial characteristics of diurnal variations of wind speed in wind erosion areas over China[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(3): 480-487.

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