台特玛湖干涸湖盆两种典型风蚀坑的三维流场特征及对风蚀的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.066

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1784-1794.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.066

台特玛湖干涸湖盆两种典型风蚀坑的三维流场特征及对风蚀的影响

崔珂军^1,^2,^3,^4,⁵(),李生宇^1,^2,^3,^4,⁵(),王海峰^1,^2,^3,⁵,范敬龙^1,^2,^4,⁵

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站，新疆石河子 832000
4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所塔克拉玛干沙漠研究站，新疆库尔勒 841000
5.中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-02-23 修回日期:2022-03-26 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2023-02-01
通讯作者: 李生宇（1975-），男，正高级工程师，主要从事风沙地貌与风沙工程等方面的研究. E-mail: lishy_hb@163.com
作者简介:崔珂军（1995-），男，硕士，主要从事干旱区风沙地貌等方面的研究. E-mail: 464509354@qq.com
基金资助:
“第三次新疆综合科学考察项目”子课题“风沙灾害风险评估与防治区划”(2021xjkk030504)

Three dimensional flow field characteristics of two typical blowout in the dry lake basin of Taitema Lake and their influence on wind erosion

CUI Kejun^1,^2,^3,^4,⁵(),LI Shengyu^1,^2,^3,^4,⁵(),WANG Haifeng^1,^2,^3,⁵,FAN Jinglong^1,^2,^4,⁵

1. National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. Mosuowan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
4. Taklimakan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2022-02-23 Revised:2022-03-26 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2023-02-01
Contact: Shengyu LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

台特玛湖干涸湖盆区风蚀沙漠化快速发展，发育了以新月形沙丘和风蚀坑（主要为槽状坑和碟状坑）为主的风沙地貌。风蚀坑的发育不仅受来流风影响，还与坑内三维流场有关。基于风洞实验和计算机流体力学（Computational fluid dynamics, CFD）数值模拟，对风蚀坑三维流场进行了探究。结果表明：（1）从入风侧到出风侧，槽状风蚀坑和碟状风蚀坑底面的风速均呈减速—加速—减速—加速的变化模式，上口所在水平面的风速变化呈加速—减速—加速变化模式，上口气流压强也相应地发生变化，槽状风蚀坑和碟状风蚀坑整体呈低压—高压—低压变化模式，其中槽状坑变化更为明显。（2）两种形状风蚀坑对气流均具有一定的吸附效应，使坑外一定范围的风沙流被吸入坑内，聚集能量和风沙流，加剧风蚀坑风蚀发育。（3）风蚀坑加剧了地表侵蚀，侵蚀程度与风蚀坑尺度有关，风蚀坑尺度越大，对地表侵蚀越强。本文直观展示了两种典型风蚀坑中的三维速度、压力、风沙流流向分布，揭示了风蚀坑的风沙流吸附机制，研究结果可加深对风蚀坑形态动力学的理解，也可为内陆干涸湖盆沙漠化防治提供理论指导。

关键词: 风蚀坑, 风洞实验, CFD数值模拟, 风沙流

Abstract:

Blowouts in the dry lake basin of Taitema Lake, south Xinjiang, China are primarily slotted pits and saucer-shaped pits, and the surface wind erosion is not only influenced by the incoming wind velocity but also strongly influenced by the three-dimensional (3D) flow field in these blowouts. Based on wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations, the 3D flow field of blowouts is investigated. The following results are found: (1) From the air inlet to the air outlet, the wind speed at the bottom of the grooved and dished blowouts exhibits a change mode of deceleration-acceleration-deceleration-acceleration. The wind speed in the horizontal plane, where the upper mouth is located, exhibits a change mode of acceleration-deceleration-acceleration. The air pressure at the upper mouth also changes spatially accordingly. The overall change mode of the grooved and dished blowouts is low pressure-high pressure-low pressure. The change of trough pit is more obvious. (2) Both blowouts have a certain adsorption effect on wind and sand flow, causing wind and sand flow into the pits, accumulating energy, wind, and sand flow and intensifying wind erosion development. (3) Blowouts intensify surface erosion, and the degree of erosion is related to the scale of the blowout; the larger the scale of the blowout, the stronger the surface erosion. This study visualizes the 3D velocity, pressure, and wind-sand flow distribution patterns in trough-shaped and disc-shaped blowouts and proposes a wind-sand flow adsorption mechanism in these blowouts, the results of which can provide theoretical guidance for inland dry lake basin desertification control.

Key words: blowout, wind tunnel experiments, CFD numerical simulation, wind and sand flow

崔珂军, 李生宇, 王海峰, 范敬龙. 台特玛湖干涸湖盆两种典型风蚀坑的三维流场特征及对风蚀的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(6): 1784-1794.

CUI Kejun, LI Shengyu, WANG Haifeng, FAN Jinglong. Three dimensional flow field characteristics of two typical blowout in the dry lake basin of Taitema Lake and their influence on wind erosion[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(6): 1784-1794.

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影响因素		7.5 m·s^-1风速			8.5 m·s^-1风速
影响因素		平坦沙地沙盘	小尺度风蚀坑沙盘	大尺度风蚀坑沙盘	平坦沙地沙盘	小尺度风蚀坑沙盘	大尺度风蚀坑沙盘
质量/kg	吹蚀0 min	6.526	6.526	6.526	6.526	6.526	6.526
质量/kg	吹蚀12 min	6.337	6.321	6.309	5.506	5.474	5.435
风蚀量/kg		0.189	0.205	0.217	1.020	1.052	1.091
风蚀量百分比/%		100.00	108.47	114.81	100.00	103.14	106.96

台特玛湖干涸湖盆两种典型风蚀坑的三维流场特征及对风蚀的影响

Three dimensional flow field characteristics of two typical blowout in the dry lake basin of Taitema Lake and their influence on wind erosion

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