近55 a新疆净生态系统生产力对气候变化的响应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆地处干旱和半干旱气候区，明确其生态系统的碳汇大小及其对气候变化的响应对研究中国干旱区植被碳汇及其对陆地碳平衡的贡献具有重要意义。基于最新地面气象观测数据，利用大气植被相互作用模型AVIM2（Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model 2），在0.05°×0.05°经纬度空间网格上估算分析了1961-2015年新疆净生态系统生产力（NEP）的时空分布特征及其对气候变化的响应。研究结果表明：近55 a新疆NEP平均值为14.4 gC·m^-2，没有明显变化趋势。空间上看，约40%地区的NEP呈下降趋势，主要分布在天山两麓的城市人口聚集区；而60%地区NEP呈上升走势，其主要分布在新疆昆仑山脉、天山山区和人烟稀少的荒漠地区。新疆NEP对降水量变化更为敏感，气温的变化对NEP的影响并不显著。虽然新疆平均碳汇随着年降水量的变化而在源与汇之间波动，但是从多年平均来看，新疆仍然为碳汇区。

关键词: 净生态系统生产力, AVIM2, 新疆, 气候变化

Abstract: Xinjiang is located in arid and semiarid areas. Understanding Xingjiang's ecosystems carbon budget and their responses to climate change is important for studying the dryland vegetation carbon sink in China and its contribution to terrestrial carbon balance. Based on the latest meteorological observations and the atmosphere-vegetation interaction model(AVIM2), the net ecosystem productivity(NEP)of Xinjiang from 1961 to 2015, with the spatial resolution of 0.05°×0.05° grids, were simulated and its responses to climate change were analyzed. The results show that the mean NEP of Xinjiang over the 55 years was 14.4 g C·m^-2, and the NEP has no significant trend during the studying periods. NEP decreased in about 40% areas of Xinjiang, and these areas were mainly distributed in the plain areas of the northern and southern sides of the Tianshan Mountains, where with dense population. The other 60% areas in Xinjiang experienced NEP increased. These areas are distributed in Kunlun and Tianshan Mountains and those sparse vegetated areas. NEP in Xingjiang was more sensitive to precipitation than to temperature. Although Xinjiang's averaged NEP fluctuated from sources to sinks as the yearly precipitation changed, the multiyear averaged NEP was positive, implying Xinjiang was the carbon sink area.

Key words: net ecosystem productivity(NEP), AVIM2, Xinjiang, climate change

中图分类号:

Q948.112

杨静, 黄秉光, 黄玫, 古丽格娜. 近55 a新疆净生态系统生产力对气候变化的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(5): 1054-1060.

YANG Jing, HUANG Bin-guang, HUANG Mei, Guligena. Responses of net ecosystem productivity to climate change in Xinjiang in recent 55 years[J]. , 2017, 40(5): 1054-1060.

参考文献

[1] LI Chaofan, ZHANG Chi, LUO Geping, et al. Modeling the carbon dynamics of the dryland ecosystems in Xinjiang,China from 1981 to 2007:The spatiotemporal patterns and climate controls[J]. Ecological Modelling, 2013, 267:148-157.

[2] RAICH J W, RASTETTER E B, MELILLO J M, et al. Potential net primary productivity in SouthAmerica:application of a global model[J]. Ecological Applications, 1991, 1(4):399-429.

[3] MELILLO J M, MCGUIRE A D, KICKLIGHTER D W, et al. Global climate change and terrestrial netprimary production[J]. Nature, 1993, 363(6426):234-240.

[4] GOODALE C L, APPS M J, BIRDSEY R A, et al. Forest carbon sinks in the Northern Hemisphere[J]. Ecological Applications, 2002, 12(3):891-899.

[5] 杨昕, 王明星. 陆面碳循环研究中若干问题的评述[J]. 地球科学进展, 2001, 16(3):427[. YANG Xin, WANG Mingxing. Reviews of several aspects of terrestrial carbon[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2001, 16(3):427.]

[6] 周涛, 史培军, 孙睿, 等. 气候变化对净生态系统生产力的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(3):357-365[. ZHOU Tao, SHI Peijun, SUN Rui, et al. Effects of climate change on net ecosystem productivity[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(3):357-365.]

[7] 常顺利, 杨洪晓, 葛剑平. 净生态系统生产力研究进展与问题[J]. 北京师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2005, 41(5):517-521.[CHANG Sunli, YANG Hongxiao, GE Jianping. Advance and questions in the ecosystem productivity[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University:Natural Science Edition, 2005, 41(5):517-521.]

[8] 陶波, 曹明奎, 李克让, 等. 1981-2000年中国陆地净生态系统生产力空间格局及其变化[J]. 中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 2006, 32(12):1131-1139[. TAO Bo, CAO Mingkui, LI Kerang, et al. The spatial pattern of China's terrestrial net ecosystem productivity and its changes during 1981-2000[J]. China Science (series D:Earth Sciences), 2006, 32(12):1131-1139.]

[9] 姜超, 徐永福, 季劲钧, 等. ENSO年代际变化对全球陆地生态系统碳通量的影响[J]. 地学前缘, 2011, 18(6):107-116.[JIANG Chao, XU Yongfu, JI Jinjun, et al. Influences of the decadal variation of ENSO on the carbon flux in the terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2011, 18(6):107-116.]

[10] 徐贵青, 魏文寿. 新疆气候变化及其对生态环境的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2004, 20(1):14-18.[XU Guiqing, WEI Wenshou. Climate change of Xinjiang and its impact on eco-environment[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2004, 20(1):14-18.]

[11] 周梦甜, 李军, 朱康文. 近15a新疆不同类型植被NDVI时空动态变化及对气候变化的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(4):779-787.[ZHOU Mengtian, LI Jun, ZHU Kangwen. Spatialtemporal dynamics of different types of vegetation NDVI and its response to climate change in Xinjiang during 1998-2012[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2015, 38(4):779-787.]

[12] 张山清, 普宗朝, 伏晓慧, 等. 气候变化对新疆自然植被净第一性生产力的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2010, 27(6):905-914.[ZHANG Shanqing, PU Zongchao, FU Xiaohui, et al. Effect of climate change on NPP of natural vegetation in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2010, 27(6):905-914.]

[13] 张山清, 普宗朝, 王胜兰. 近47年天山山区自然植被净初级生产力对气候变化的响应[J]. 中国农业气象, 2009, 30(3):283-288.[ZHANG Shanqing, PU Zongchao, WANG Shenglan. Response of NPP to climate change over last 47 years in Tianshan Mountain areas[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2009, 30(3):283-288.]

[14] 张时煌, 彭公炳, 黄玫. 基于地理信息系统技术的土壤质地分类特征提取与数据融合[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2004, 9(1):65-79.[ZHANG Shihuang,PENG Gongbing,HUANG Mei. The feature extraction and data fusion of regional soil textures based on GIS techniques[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2004, 9(1):65-79.]

[15] 黄玫. 中国陆地生态系统水、热通量和碳循环模拟研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院研究生院, 2006[. HUANG Mei. Terrestrial ecosystem of water, heat flux and carbon cycle of simulation study in China[D]. Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2006.]

[16] 李克让, 黄玫, 陶波, 等. 中国陆地生态系统过程及对全球变化响应与适应的模拟研究[M]. 北京:气象出版社, 2009:49-56.[LI Kerang, HUANG Mei, TAO Bo, et al. Process-based modeling on the response and adaptation of Chinese terrestrial ecosystems to global change[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 2009:49-56.]

[17] 季劲钧, 黄玫, 李克让. 21世纪中国陆地生态系统与大气碳交换的预测研究[J]. 中国科学:(D辑), 2008, 38(2):211-223.[JI Jinjun, HUANG Mei, LI Kerang. Prediction on Chinese terrestrial ecosystem and atmospheric carbon exchange in the twenty-first century[J]. Science in China(Series D), 2008, 38(2):211-223.]

[18] 苗茜, 黄玫, 李仁强. 长江流域植被净初级生产力对未来气候变化的响应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(8):1296-1305.[MIAO Qian, HUANG Mei, LI Renqiang. The impacts of climate change on vegetation net primary productivity of the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2010, 25(8):1296-1305.]

[19] 马建勇, 谷晓平, 黄玫, 等. 近50年贵州净生态系统生产力时空分布特征[J]. 环境生态学报, 2013, 9(4):536-546[. MA Jianyong, GU Xiaoping, HUANG Mei, et al. Temporal-spatial distribution of net ecosystem productivity in Guizhou during the recent 50 years[J]. Global Change Biology, 2013, 9(4):536-546.]

[20] 魏凤英. 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M]. 北京:气象出版社, 2007:36-66[. WEI Fengying. Modern climatic statistical diagnosis and prediction technology[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 2007:36-66.]

[21] BRADFORD J B, BIRDSEY R A, JOYCE L A, et al. Tree age, disturbance history, and carbon stocks and fluxes in subalpine Rocky Mountain forests[J]. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14:2882-2897.]

[22] 普宗朝, 张山清, 李景林, 等. 近36年新疆天山山区气候暖湿变化及其特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2008, 31(3):409-415.[PU Zongchao, ZHANG Shanqing, LI Jinglin, et al. Facts and features of climate change nearly 36 years of change and characteristics of Xinjiang Tianshan mountain climate warm arid region[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2008, 31(3):409-415.]

[23] 曹占洲, 毛炜峄, 陈颖, 等. 近50年气候变化对新疆农业的影响[J]. 农业网络信息, 2013,(6):5-8.[CAO Zhanzhou, MAO Weiyi, CHEN Ying, et al. Effects of climate change on agriculture in Xinjiang in recent 50 years[J]. Agriculture Network Information, 2013,(6):5-8.]

[24] 王晗, 吴烨, 于菲, 等. 近50a新疆粉红椋鸟栖息地气候演变特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(4):601-608[. WANG Han, WU Ye, YUFei, et al. Climatic changes of Sturnus roseus' habitat in recent 50 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2013, 36(4):601-608.]

[25] 曾佳, 郭峰, 赵灿, 等. 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘小绿洲近50 a来气候变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2014, 37(5):948-957[. ZENG Jia, GUO Feng, ZHAO Can, et al. Climate change of small oases in the southern margin of Taklimakan Desert in recent 50 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2014, 37(5):948-957.]