祁连山干旱山地草地生物量对水分条件的响应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以祁连山排露沟流域干旱山地为研究对象，对海拔2 700~3 000 m典型草地群落的草本种类、高度和生物量等进行调查，并同步测定样地内的土壤水分，分析草地生物量随海拔高度的季节性变化特征以及草本生物量和土壤水分的关系。结果表明：（1）草地地上生物量平均值为135.36 g·m^-2，并随海拔升高呈先增加后降低的"单峰"变化模式，在海拔2 900 m时最高，为176.79±28.37 g·m^-2。地下生物量平均值为946.13 g·m^-2，并随海拔升高生物量呈递增趋势，在海拔3 000 m时最高，为1 301.19 ±68.24 g·m^-2。（2）草地地上、地下生物量在不同海拔高度间差异性显著（P<0.05）；该流域干旱山地草地根冠比在4.14~11.95之间变化。（3）在生长季5~9月份，干旱山地草地土壤含水量在9.23%~31.31%之间波动，平均值为14.94%。（4）草本地上、地下生物量与土壤平均含水量均呈显著正相关（P<0.05），相关性系数分别为0.7784和0.7843。在不同海拔草地群落中，不同土层含水量对草地生物量的贡献不尽相同，但60 cm以上根系主要分布层内的水分对草地生物量具有重要的意义。

关键词: 山地草地, 生物量, 土壤水分, 祁连山

Abstract: In this study,the biomass of grassland and its response to soil moisture were studied on arid mountain land in the Qilian Mountains. This will be helpful to quantify the relationship between grassland and water,and provide the theoretical foundation for the management and utilization of mountain grassland. The biomass of grassland was measured from the elevation of 2 700-3 300 m in the Pailugou watershed in the Xishui forest zone of Qilian Mountains,in the arid region of northeast China. A total of four plots with the size of 10 m×10 m were set up at the elevation of 2 700 m,2 900 m,3 100 m,3 300 m,respectively. Five samples with the size of 1 m×1 m were selected in each plot. Grass species,height and biomass were observed from May to September,2014 and 2015. Meanwhile,the soil moisture in each grassland stand were observed. Then characteristics of the biomass of grassland in different month along with elevation gradients and the relationship between biomass of grassland and soil moisture were analyzed. The results show:(1)The mean value of aboveground biomass of grassland was 135.36 g·m^-2. There was a hump-shaped curve by which aboveground biomass of grassland along the elevation reached its peak value of 156.79±28.37 g·m^-2 at the elevation segment of 2 900 m. The mean value of belowground biomass of grassland was 946.13 g·m^-2. The belowground biomass showed an increase trend along with the increase of elevation,and its maximum value was 1 301.19±68.24 g·m^-2 at the elevation segment of 3 000 m. The difference of aboveground biomass and belowground biomass among the elevation of 2 700-300 m was significant(P<0.05).(2)The aboveground biomass and belowground biomass were a hump-shaped curve from May to September. The aboveground biomass of grassland reached its peak value of 162.05±34.42 g·m^-2 in August,while the belowground biomass reached its peak value of 1334.15±66.91 g·m^-2 in July.(3)In the grassland,the proportion of root and canopy width varied from 4.14 to 11.95. (4) The soil moisture varied from 9.23% to 31.31%,and its mean value was 14.94%.(5)The aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of grassland were significantly correlated with the mean soil moisture(P<0.05),their correlation coefficients were 0.7784 and 0.7843 respectively. Therefore,it was concluded that for the grassland community among different elevations,the soil moisture in each soil layer made different contributions to the biomass of grassland,and the soil moisture of root main distribution layer from 0 cm to 60 cm was of great importance to the biomass of grassland.

Key words: mountain grassland, biomass, soil moisture, Qilian Mountains

中图分类号:

Q948.112

王顺利, 王荣新, 敬文茂, 赵维俊, 牛赟, 马剑, 朱红. 祁连山干旱山地草地生物量对水分条件的响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(4): 772-779.

WANG Shun-li, WANG Rong-xin, JING Wen-mao, ZHAO Wei-jun, NIU Yun, MA Jian, ZHU Hong. Biomass of grassland and response to soil moisture on arid mountain land in the Qilian mountains[J]. , 2017, 40(4): 772-779.

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