免灌人工梭梭林生长与土壤水分变化的耦合关系

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.054

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1579-1590.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.054

免灌人工梭梭林生长与土壤水分变化的耦合关系

朱家龙^1,^2,^3,⁴(),周智彬^1,^2,³(),王立生⁵,吕平⁵,姜咏雪⁶

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站,新疆石河子 832000
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
5.新疆生产建设兵团林业和草原工作总站,新疆乌鲁木齐 830013
6.新疆瑞绎昕生态园林技术有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2022-02-15 修回日期:2022-03-15 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-10-20
通讯作者: 周智彬
作者简介:朱家龙（1997-）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事恢复生态学相关研究. E-mail: zhujialong19@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
兵团项目(E1400209)

Coupling relationship between growth and soil moisture change of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation without irrigation

ZHU Jialong^1,^2,^3,⁴(),ZHOU Zhibin^1,^2,³(),WANG Lisheng⁵,LYU Ping⁵,JIANG Yongxue⁶

1. National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. Mosuowan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5. Forestry and Grassland Work General Station of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi 830013, Xinjiang, China
6. Xinjiang Ruiyixin Ecological Garden Technology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-02-15 Revised:2022-03-15 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-10-20
Contact: Zhibin ZHOU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠-绿洲过渡带区域龟裂土立地条件下免灌人工梭梭林生态特征,探讨林分的最佳建植密度,对莫索湾1983—2021年38 a集水造林地初始种植梭梭、梭梭自然更新苗及不同坡位的土壤水分进行了调查,研究了梭梭生长对密度差异的响应,同时分析了各林地土壤水分的变化特征,探讨了梭梭生长与土壤水分的关系,以期为人工梭梭林的营建与可持续性提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）当梭梭造林密度为6 m×3.5 m时（480 株·hm^-2）,母树存活率最高。随造林密度增大,母树保存率与梭梭自然更新比逐渐下降;母树保留密度越大的林地,其长势越差、生物量越低;盖度、郁闭度越高的林地,阻碍浅层土壤水分的补给,导致梭梭更新苗长势及生物量越差。（2）梭梭母树的林木生长与其根部140~280 cm深度土壤含水量之间均呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,且主要利用根部140~240 cm土壤水分,对比3个林地可知该层土壤水分含量越高的林地,其母树的长势越好、生物量越高。（3）当母树保留密度为360株·hm^-2（株行距4 m×7 m）时,梭梭长势较好、整体生物量最高,林下植被更为丰富,林地土壤水分条件相对较好。综上所述,在该地区进行集水造林时,保持该密度更有利于免灌人工梭梭林结构稳定、持续发挥防风固沙效益。

关键词: 龟裂土, 人工梭梭林, 集水造林, 生长特征, 土壤水分

Abstract:

To study the ecological characteristics of the no-irrigation artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest under the site conditions of the takyr soil in the desert oasis transition zone of Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang, China, and to investigate the optimal planting density of the stand, this study analyzed the initial planting of the H. ammodendron natural regeneration seedlings and soil moisture in different slope positions in the Mosuowan Desert Research Station for 38 years (1983—2021). The growth response of H. ammodendron to the density difference was studied, and the variation characteristics of soil moisture in each forest land were analyzed. The relationship between the H. ammodendron growth and soil moisture was discussed to provide the scientific basis for the construction and sustainability of artificial H. ammodendron forest. The results showed that: (1) When the afforestation density of H. ammodendron is 6 m×3.5 m (480 plants·hm^-2), the survival rate of the mother tree is the highest. The ratio of mother tree preservation rate to H. ammodendron natural regeneration decreased gradually as afforestation density increased. The higher the density of the mother tree, the poorer the growth and biomass. The poorer the growth and biomass of the H. ammodendron regeneration seedlings, the greater the coverage and canopy density. (2) There was a significant negative correlation between the growth of H. ammodendron and the soil water content at a root depth of 140-280 cm (P<0.05); the soil water at the root depth of 140-240 cm was mainly used. Compared with the three woodlands, the higher the soil water content in this layer, the better the growth of the mother tree and the higher the biomass. (3) When the retention density of the mother tree was 360 plants·hm^-2 (spacing between plants and rows: 4 m×7 m), the growth was better, overall biomass higher, understory vegetation more abundant, and soil moisture condition of the forest land was relatively good. To summarize, maintaining this density in the construction of artificial forests in this area is more conducive to the stability of irrigation-free artificial H. ammodendron forests for the continuous benefit of wind prevention and sand fixation.

Key words: takyr soil, artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest, catchment afforestation, growth characteristics, soil moisture

朱家龙,周智彬,王立生,吕平,姜咏雪. 免灌人工梭梭林生长与土壤水分变化的耦合关系[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(5): 1579-1590.

ZHU Jialong,ZHOU Zhibin,WANG Lisheng,LYU Ping,JIANG Yongxue. Coupling relationship between growth and soil moisture change of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation without irrigation[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(5): 1579-1590.

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造林密度	高密度	中密度	低密度
株行距/m×m	1.5×7	4×4	6×3.5
初始造林密度/株·hm^-2	990	600	480
保留密度/株·hm^-2	360	410	400
自然更新比	3.49	4.22	5.85
郁闭度/%	11.87	11.41	12.08
林下植物盖度/%	21.27	16.69	24.11
母树保存率/%	36.36	68.33	83.33
种植母树/株	99	60	48
现存母树/株	36	41	40
幼树/株	50	48	32
幼苗/株	296	205	249
梭梭总数/株	382	294	321

造林密度	母树生物量		自然更新苗生物量		BW+RW		合计
造林密度	BW	RW	BW	RW	母树	自然更新苗	合计
高密度	5.91a	3.11a	1.08ab	2.01ab	9.02a	3.09ab	12.11
中密度	4.91b	2.98b	1.35a	2.28a	7.89b	3.63a	11.52
低密度	6.20ab	2.50b	0.49b	1.04b	8.70b	1.53b	10.23

位置	高密度（1.5 m×7 m）			中密度（4 m×4 m）			低密度（6 m×3.5 m）
位置	距根部/cm	均值/%	5%显著性水平	距根部/cm	均值/%	5%显著性水平	距根部/cm	均值/%	5%显著性水平
垄顶	350	6.41	ab	200	9.11	a	175	6.37	a
坡中	175	7.30	a	100	7.06	a	88	5.08	ab
根部	10	7.58	a	10	6.31	a	10	4.54	b
株间	75	5.74	b	200	8.93	a	300	5.42	ab

免灌人工梭梭林生长与土壤水分变化的耦合关系

Coupling relationship between growth and soil moisture change of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation without irrigation

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