腾格里沙漠不同类型沙丘土壤水分含量与地形-植被因子关系研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤水分是沙区主要的生态限制因子,其分布受气候、地形和植被等众多因素的影响。以腾格里沙漠沙坡头地区3种类型的沙丘（固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘）为研究对象,利用方差分析和冗余分析（RDA）等方法对沙丘不同部位和不同深度土壤水分的分布特征及其与地形-植被因子之间的关系进行了综合分析。结果表明：（1）不同类型沙丘上0~300 cm的土壤水分随着深度的增加而增加,表层土壤水分的波动程度大于中层和深层。（2）固定沙丘不同部位及不同深度的土壤水分之间没有明显的差异,半固定沙丘和流动沙丘迎风坡与丘底的土壤水分高于背风坡和丘顶。（3）固定沙丘上的土壤水分受地形-植被因子的影响较半固定沙丘和流动沙丘小,影响固定沙丘土壤水分的主要因子有坡向、高差和灌木多度。（4）地形-植被因子与研究区绝大多数半固定沙丘和流动沙丘的土壤水分均有负相关关系。研究揭示了腾格里沙漠土壤水分的分布规律及其与地形-植被因子的关系,对制定相应的防风固沙措施以及建立科学合理的植物固沙模式有积极的指导作用。

关键词: 腾格里沙漠, 土壤水分, 地形因子, 植被因子, 冗余分析（RDA）

Abstract:

Soil moisture is a major ecological limiting factor in desert areas, and the distribution of soil moisture is influenced by numerous factors, such as climate, topography, and vegetation. In this paper, three types of sand dunes (fixed dunes, semi-fixed dunes, and mobile sand dunes) at the Shapotou of Tengger Desert, China are studied. A comprehensive analysis of the distribution characteristics of the soil moisture in different parts of the dune and at different depths and the relationship of the soil moisture distribution with topographical and vegetation-related factors was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). The results show that: (1) Soil moisture at depths of 0-300 cm in different types of sand dunes increased with depth, and the degree of fluctuation of the soil moisture was greater in the surface layer than that in the middle and deep layers. (2) There is no significant difference in soil moisture between different parts of fixed dunes and different depths, and soil moisture on the windward slopes and at bottom of semi-fixed dunes and mobile sand dunes is higher than that on the leeward slopes and top of the dunes. (3) The soil moisture in fixed dunes is less influenced by topographical and vegetation-related factors than that in semi-fixed dunes and mobile sand dunes; the main factors affecting soil moisture in fixed dunes are slope orientation, height difference, and shrub abundance. (4) Overwhelmingly, topographical and vegetation-related factors were found to have a negative relationship with soil moisture for both semi-fixed dunes and mobile sand dunes in the study area. This study is important for the understanding of the distribution and characteristics of soil moisture in the study area as well as for the ecological restoration and reconstruction in desert areas. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the future construction of sand-fixing vegetation in the study area should consider corresponding wind and sand-fixing measures; research should also be undertaken into establishing a scientifically derived distribution of sand-fixing plants.

Key words: Tengger Desert, soil moisture, topography factor, vegetation factor, redundancy analysis (RDA)

孙琰蕙,张定海,张志山. 腾格里沙漠不同类型沙丘土壤水分含量与地形-植被因子关系研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(5): 1570-1578.

SUN Yanhui,ZHANG Dinghai,ZHANG Zhishan. Relationship between soil moisture content and topography-vegetation factors in different types of dunes in the Tengger Desert[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(5): 1570-1578.

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统计	固定沙丘		半固定沙丘		流动沙丘
统计	第1轴	第2轴	第1轴	第2轴	第1轴	第2轴
特征值	0.17	0.06	0.49	0.04	0.40	0.05
累计解释方差/%	17.12	23.05	49.00	53.16	39.61	44.39
相关系数	0.50	0.45	0.78	0.53	0.71	0.61
累计解释拟合方差	73.70	99.21	91.20	98.95	86.98	97.50