基于地表湿润指数的1959-2014年陕西省地表干湿时空变化特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于地表湿润指数，辅以累积距平、Morlet小波分析等方法，分析1959-2014年陕西省地表干湿的时空演变特征，为认识全球气候变化的区域响应提供科学参考。结果表明：（1）陕西年际地表湿润指数在波动中略呈下降趋势，其变化倾向率为-0.05·（10 a）^-1，揭示地表有干旱化的发展趋势；季节变化上，春季相对干旱且有显著的趋干倾向，夏季最湿润且有趋湿倾向但并不显著，秋季相对湿润但有显著的趋干倾向，冬季最干旱但有显著的趋湿倾向。（2）年际地表湿润指数存在25~32 a、12~15 a、5~10 a三种尺度的周期变化，春、夏、秋和冬季亦存在多种时间尺度的周期性振荡。（3）在年际尺度上，1990年是一个显著的由湿转干的突变点；在季节尺度上，秋冬两季分别在1976年和2001年发生突变，而春夏两季不存在突变现象。（4）多年平均地表湿润指数具有南高北低、西南高东北低的空间分布特点；地表湿润指数变化倾向率的年际分布有显著的空间差异，绝大部分地区的湿润指数变化倾向率为负，且整体变干幅度-0.065·（10 a）^-1大于变湿幅度0.056·（10 a）^-1；季节地表湿润指数变化倾向率亦具有明显的南北分异。

关键词: 湿润指数, Morlet小波分析, M-K突变检验, 时空变化, 陕西省

Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the change of dry-wet condition of Shaanxi Province, China during 1959 to 2014, to provide reference for understanding the regional response and mechanism of the global changes and the improvement of agricultural ecologic environment. The daily data of 20 meteorological stations from 1959 to 2014 in Shaanxi Province were collected to analyze the spatial and temporal change of dry-wet condition by using the methods of humidity index, Morlet complex wavelet and Mann-Kendall test and so on. The results show as follows:(1) The surface humidity index in Shaanxi Province was slightly decreasing in fluctuation and the rate of change was -0.05·(10 a)^-1, but this tendency was not significant, which showed the slightly trend to drought. It was relative arid in spring and winter, but the summer and autumn surface were humid relatively in recent 56 years. There were significant development trend toward acidification in spring and humidification in winter in the past 56 years, however, the development trend toward humidification and acidification in summer and autumn were not significant.(2) Periodic oscillation with multiple time scales of annual and seasonal humidity index in Shaanxi Province were exist which the oscillation cycle were 25-32, 12-15 and 5-10 years throughout the year.(3) There was an abrupt drying point in 1990 at the inter-annual scale. At inter-seasonal scales, the jump points of autumn and winter respectively were in 1976 and 2001, while there were no mutation phenomena in spring and summer.(4)The annual mean surface humidity index of the south and southwest part of Shaanxi Province was higher than that of the north and northeast part. There was an obvious spatial difference of the tendency rate of surface humidity index which were negative in most areas, and the amplitude of drying was greater than that of wetting. At the inter-annual scale, the drying regions mainly included northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and western part of southern Shaanxi; the wetting areas were mainly distributed in the eastern part of southern Shaanxi. At the inter-seasonal scale, an obvious regional differentiation of the tendency rate of surface humidity index was observed in different seasons, which showed that there were drying tendency in all areas and Guanzhong was the most significant drying area, the area turning to be wet was larger than that turning to be dry in summer and the amplitude of wetting was greater than that of drying, all parts of the study area except Yulin turned to be dry in autumn and the most obvious drying areas were mainly in Guanzhong and the southeast part of southern Shaanxi, the area turning to be wet was also larger than that turning to be dry in winter and the most obvious wetting areas were mainly in Guanzhong and the north part of southern Shaanxi.

Key words: humidity index, Morlet complex wavelet, Mann-Kendall test, spatial and temporal change, Shaanxi Province

中图分类号:

P426.1

刘宇峰, 原志华, 封建民, 张莉, 吴林. 基于地表湿润指数的1959-2014年陕西省地表干湿时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(6): 1186-1196.

LIU Yu-feng, YUAN Zhi-hua, FENG Jian-min, ZHANG Li, WU Lin. Dry-wet condition of Shaanxi Province in recent 56 years based on surface humidity index[J]. , 2016, 39(6): 1186-1196.

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