新疆昭苏-特克斯盆地地表水与地下水转化关系研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 将溶解性总固体（TDS）和氧同位素（¹⁸O）作为示踪剂，基于对新疆昭苏-特克斯盆地地表水和地下水水化学及同位素特征的分析，旨在研究两者之间的相互转化关系。结果表明：地表水与地下水水化学类型分别以HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·（Mg）、HCO₃-Ca·（Mg）型为主，地下水中TDS大于地表水，两者在形成演化过程中经过了溶滤和阳离子交换作用；氢氧稳定同位素均位于全国降水线附近，地表水同位素组成较地下水富集。沿特克斯河流向地表水与地下水的转化关系为：上游地段以地下水和右岸支流补给特克斯河干流、支流补给沿岸地下水为主；中游地段以地下水补给特克斯河为主；下游地段特克斯河接受阔克苏支流和沿岸地下水补给。研究成果可深化对昭苏-特克斯盆地水文地质条件的认识，对其他“叶脉状”地表水系与地下水的转化关系研究具有一定的借鉴意义，也为盆地内水资源的开发利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 昭苏-特克斯盆地, 地表水与地下水, 转化关系, 水化学, 稳定同位素

Abstract: Zhaosu-Tekes basin,located in the Southern Tianshan Mountains,is a wedge Cenozoic intermontane fault depression basin expanding from SWW to NEE,and a key area of agriculture and animal husbandry in the south of Ili Basin. With the increasing exploration and utility of water resources,this area is suffering seriously from water shortage and quality deterioration. Research on the relationship between surface water and groundwater is quite vital for ensuring a sustainable utilization of water resources. In this paper,a total of 29 groundwater samples,19 surface water samples and 6 spring water samples in August 2014 were collected,and major ions and stable isotopes(δ¹⁸O,δD) were analyzed;by using the Piper diagram,Gibbs diagram,ion ratio coefficient and Chloro-Alkaline index,the paper further analyzed the characteristics of the water chemical composition and its formation process,and analyzed the source composition of the water by the composition relationship between stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope. The results show that the chemical type of surface water and groundwater was characterized by HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·(Mg) and HCO₃-Ca·(Mg),and TDS of groundwater(318.74 mg·L^-1) was higher than that of the surface water(150.7 mg·L^-1);the dissolution and ion exchange happened during the formation and evolution of surface water and groundwater;the isotopic composition of surface water ranged from -74.05‰ to -61.81‰ for δ¹⁸O and from -11.29‰ to -9.54‰ for δD,while the groundwater(including springs) ranged from -12.74‰ to -9.70‰ for δ¹⁸O and from -89.77‰ to -67.67‰ for δD;the surface water and groundwater have the similar isotopes components and are located near the national precipitation line,indicating that precipitation is the main recharge source of groundwater and surface water. Isotopic composition of surface water is richer than that of groundwater,isotope composition characteristics of surface water and groundwater can be divided into three areas,including surface water zone,groundwater zone,and surface water and groundwater mixing zone,this indicates that surface water and groundwater have different supply sources and a better hydraulic connection with each other. Finally,based on the difference between water chemical index(TDS) and the oxygen isotope distribution,and taken them as the tracer,the transformation relationship between the surface water and the groundwater in the basin was studied. Results show that in the upper reach,Tekes River was mainly recharged by groundwater and southern tributaries,and the branches recharge groundwater;in the middle reach, Tekes River was mainly recharged by groundwater;in lower reach,Tekes River was recharged by Kuokesu tributaries and groundwater. By analyzing the relationship between surface water and groundwater,this study can provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of regional water resources and rational development and utilization of water resources in this region,which has great importance for improving the degree of hydrogeology research in Zhaosu-Tekes basin,and also has certain reference significance for the research of other "vein-like" Rivers.

Key words: Zhaosu-Tekes Basin, groundwater and surfer water, conversion, hydrochemistry, stable isotopes

中图分类号:

P641.1

姜海宁, 谷洪彪, 迟宝明, 姜纪沂, 李瑛, 李海君, 王贺. 新疆昭苏-特克斯盆地地表水与地下水转化关系研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(5): 1078-1088.

JIANG Hai-ning, GU Hong-biao, CHI Bao-ming, JIANG Ji-yi, LI Ying, LI Hai-jun, WANG He. Interaction relationship between surface water and groundwater in Zhaosu-Tekes Basin,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China[J]. , 2016, 39(5): 1078-1088.

参考文献

[1] 张兵,宋献方,张应华,等. 第二松花江流域地表水与地下水相互关系[J]. 水科学进展,2014,(3):336-347.[ZHANG Bing, SONG Xianfang,ZHANG Yinghua,et al. The relationship between surface water and groundwater in the Second Songhua River basin[J]. Advance inWater Science,2014,(3):336-347.]

[2] 赵玮,马金珠,何建华. 党河流域敦煌盆地地下水补给与演化研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2015,38(6):1133-1141.[ZHAO Wei,MA Jinzhu,HE Jianhua. Groundwater recharge and geochemical evolution in the Dunhuang Basin of Danghe River,northwest China[J]. Arid Land Geography,2015,38(6):1133-1141.]

[3] 陈宗宇,齐继祥,张兆吉,等. 北方典型盆地同位素水文地质学方法应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2010:19-54.[CHEN Zongyu, QI Jixiang,ZHANG Zhaoji,et al. The method of Isotope hydrogeology using in typical basin of north China[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2010:19-54.]

[4] 沈照理,朱宛华,仲佐燊. 水文地球化学基础[M]. 北京:地质出版社,1993:86-133.[SHEN Zhaoli,ZHU Wanhua,ZHONG Zuoshen. Basis of hydrogeochemistry[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993:86-133.]

[5] 苏小四,万玉玉,董维红,等. 马莲河河水与地下水的相互关系:水化学和同位素证据[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2009, (6):1087-1094.[SU Xiaosi,WAN Yuyu,DONG Weihong,et al. Hydraulic relationship between malianhe river and groundwater:hydrogeochemical and isotopic evidences[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2009,(6):1087-1094.]

[6] 宋献方,刘鑫,夏军,等. 基于氢氧同位素的岔巴沟流域地表水-地下水转化关系研究[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报,2009, (1):8-20.[SONG Xianfang,LIU Xin,XIA Jun,et al. Interaction between surface water and groundwater in Chabagou catchment using hydrogen and oxygen isotopes[J]. Journal of Basics Science and Engneering,2009,(1):8-20.]

[7] 聂振龙,陈宗宇,程旭学,等. 黑河干流浅层地下水与地表水相互转化的水化学特征[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005, (1):48-53.[NIE Zhenlong,CHEN Zongyu,CHENG Xuxue,et al. The chemical information of the interaction of unconfined groundwaterand surface water along the Heihe River,northwestern China[J]. Journal of Jilin university(Earth Science Edition), 2005,(1):48-53.]

[8] HUANG T M,PANG Z H. Changes in groundwater induced by water diversion in the Lower Tarim River,Xinjiang Uygur,NW China:Evidence from environmental isotopes and water chemistry[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2010,(387):188-201.

[9] PANG Z H,HUANG T M,CHEN Y N. Diminished groundwater recharge and circulation relative to degrading riparian vegetation in the middle Tarim River,Xinjiang Uygur,Western China[J]. Hydrological Processes,2010,24:147-159.

[10] 王文明. 天山北麓三水转化与地下水库调蓄研究[D]. 西安:长安大学,2007.[WANG Wenming. Researches on the conversion among precipitation、surface water and groundwater and the regulation and storge of groundwater reservoir in the northern piedmont of Tianshan Mountains[D]. Xi'an:Chang'an University, 2007.]

[11] ZHU B Q,YU J J,PATRICK RIOUAL. Geochemical signature of natural water recharge in the Jungar Basin and its response to climate[J].Water Environment Research,2016,88(1):79-86.

[12] 姜纪沂,迟宝明. 新疆伊犁河谷第四纪沉积规律及含水层属性特征研究报告[R]. 防灾科技学院,2015.[JIANG Jiyi,CHI Baoming. Study on Quaternary sedimentary regularity and aquifer properties in Yili Valley,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China[R]. Institute of Disaster Prevention,2015.]

[13] 曾海鳌,吴敬禄,刘文,等. 哈萨克斯坦东部水体氢、氧同位素和水化学特征[J]. 干旱区地理,2013,35(4):662-668.[ZENG Hai-ao,WU Jinglu,LIU Wen,et al. Charateristics of hyrochemistry and hydrogen,oxygen iotopes of waters in Kazakhstan[J]. Arid Land Geography,2013,35(4):662-668.]

[14] 胡卫忠. 浅谈伊犁谷地的"三水"资源[J]. 干旱区地理,1986, (2):24-30.[HU Weizhong. Aummary of the resurces of grundwater, surfaee water and precipitation in Yili Valley[J]. Arid Land Geography,1986,(2):24-30.]

[15] GIBBS R J. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J]. Science,1970,170(3962):1088-1090.

[16] LI P Y,WU J H,QIAN H. Assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes and identification of hydrogeochemical evolution mechanisms in Pengyang County,China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69:2211-2225.

[17] CHIDAMBARAM S,ANANDHAN P,PRASANNA M. V,et al. Major ion chemistry and identification of hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater in and around Neyveli Lignite Mines,Tamil Nadu,South India[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2013,6:3451-3467.

[18] 张应华,仵彦卿,丁建强,等. 运用氧稳定同位素研究黑河中游盆地地下水与河水转化[J]. 冰川冻土,2005,(1):106-110.[ZHANG Yinghua,WU Yanqing,DING Jianqiang,et al. Exchange of groundwater and river water in a basin of the middle Heihe River by using δ¹⁸O[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2005,(1):106-110.]

[19] 肖捷颖,赵品,李卫红. 塔里木河流域地表水水化学空间特征及控制因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理,2016,39(1):33-40.[XIAO Jieying,ZHAO Pin,LI Weihong. Spatial characteristic and controlling factors of surface water hydrochemistry in the Tarim River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography,2016,39(1):33-40.]

[20] 姜凌,李佩成,胡安焱,等. 内蒙古阿拉善腰坝绿洲地下水水化学特征[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2009,(11):105-110.[JIANG Ling,LI Peicheng,HU Anyan,et al. The groundwater chemical characteristics in Yaoba oasis of Alxa area,Inermongolia[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,(11):105-110.]

[21] LI J,PANG Z H,KLAUS FROEHLICH. Paleo-environment from isotopes and hydrochemistry of groundwater in East Junggar Basin,Northwest China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2015, (529):650-661.