甘肃省地热流体化学及环境同位素特征和形成年龄分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.06.10

干旱区地理 ›› 2020, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 1496-1504.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.06.10

甘肃省地热流体化学及环境同位素特征和形成年龄分析

张凌鹏¹，丁宏伟 ²，张家峰 ^2,3，王玉玺 ⁴，田辽西 ⁵

1 甘肃省地矿局第二地质矿产勘查院，甘肃兰州 730020； 2 甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局，甘肃兰州 730000；3 甘肃省地矿局第一地质矿产勘查院，甘肃天水 741020； 4 甘肃省地矿局第三地质矿产勘查院，甘肃兰州 730050； 5 甘肃省地矿局水文地质工程地质勘察院，甘肃张掖 734000

出版日期:2020-11-25 发布日期:2020-11-25
通讯作者: 丁宏伟（1963-），男，教授级高级工程师，长期从事水工环地质及地质灾害勘查防治研究.
作者简介:张凌鹏（1984-），男，甘肃渭源县人，长安大学水文与水资源工程专业，学士，水工环地质高级工程师，主要从事地热地质、水文地质及地质环境勘查评价. E-mail: 13919840909@163.com
基金资助:
中国地质科学院《中国矿产地质志?甘肃卷?水气资源》项目（DD20160346，DD20190379）；中国地质调查局项目（1212011 3077300）；甘肃省地下水工程及地热资源重点实验室开放基金项目（20190512）

Hydrochemistry and environmental isotopic characteristics and formation ages analysis of geothermal fluids in Gansu Province

ZHANG Ling-peng¹, DING Hong-wei², ZHANG Jia-feng^{2, 3}, WANG Yu-xi⁴, TIAN Liao-xi⁵

1 The Second Institute of Geology and Minerals Exploration, Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration and Development, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China; 2 Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration and Development, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China; 3 The First Institute of Geology and Minerals Exploration, Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration and Development, Tianshui 741020, Gansu, China; 4 The Third Institute of Geology and Minerals Exploration, Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration and Development, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China; 5 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration and Development, Zhangye 734000, Gansu, China

Online:2020-11-25 Published:2020-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用大量的地热流体化学成分及环境同位素（δD、δ1⁸O、¹⁴C）测试数据，深入分析了隆起山地构造对流型、沉降盆地传导型地热流体的化学特征及分布规律，进而对地热流体的环境同位素分布特征及形成年龄进行了梳理总结，得出了明确的结论。结果表明：隆起山地构造对流型地热田地热流体主要以断裂上升泉的形式出露，分布于西秦岭-祁连造山带，补给来源为当地及周边大气降水入渗，地热流体形成年龄一般小于 5 000 ~ 30 000 a，水质较好，属“开启型”的地热系统；热储层岩性、断裂规模及水热循环方式和深度等明显控制着地热流体化学类型、环境同位素特征和形成年龄。沉降盆地传导型地热田地热流体主要以管井开采的方式出露；热储埋藏深度小于 1 600 m 的地热井，地热流体补给来源为当地及周边大气降水入渗，形成年龄一般小于 5 000 ~ 30 000 a，水质相对较好，属“半开启-半封闭型”的地热系统；热储埋藏深度介于 1 600 ~ 2 600 m 之间的地热开采井，主要为地质历史时期逐步形成的“古水”，水化学类型复杂且水质较差，地热流体形成年龄介于 30 000 ~ 50 000 a,属“封闭型”的地热系统；热储层岩性、埋藏深度、地下水在岩层中的滞留时间与循环深度等明显控制着地热流体化学类型、环境同位素富集程度和形成年龄。

关键词: 热流体, 水化学, 环境同位素, 形成年龄, 地热系统

Abstract: Based on a large number of chemical composition and environmental isotope (δD, δ¹⁸O, ¹⁴C) test data of geothermal fluid, this paper analyzes the chemical characteristics and distribution rules of the convective and conductive geothermal fluid in the uplifted mountainous area, Gansu Province, China. The environmental isotope distribution characteristics and formation ages of the geothermal fluid are then then analyzed. Results show that the geothermal fluid in the convective geothermal field in the uplifted mountainous area is mainly exposed in the form of fracture rising spring, which is distributed in the west Qinling and Qilian orogenic belt. The source of supply is the infiltration of local and surrounding atmospheric precipitation. The formation age of the geothermal fluid is generally less than 5 000- 30 000 a and good water quality is observed. Hence, the geothermal fluid belongs to the“open” geothermal system. The geothermal fluid in the conductive geothermal field in the subsidence basin is mainly exposed by tube well exploitation. Exploitation wells with a buried depth of less than 1 600 m are supplied by the infiltration of local and surrounding atmospheric precipitation. Here, the formation ages of the geothermal fluid are generally less than 30 000 a and the water quality is relatively good. Hence, this belongs to the“semi-open semi- closed”geothermal system. The geothermal open exhibits a buried depth of 1 600-2 600 m. The production wells are mainly the“ancient water”formed gradually in the geological historical period with a complex hydrochemical type and with poor water quality. This then belongs to the“closed”geothermal system with the formation ages of geothermal fluid between 30 000-50 000 a. Generally speaking, the lithology of the thermal reservoir, burial depth, retention time, and circulation alternation of groundwater in the rock layer obviously control the chemical type, environmental isotope, and formation ages of geothermal fluid. Based on the geothermal occurrence law, if the buried depth of the thermal reservoir is deeper, the geological conditions are more closed, and δD and δ18O are more enriched, indicating that the formation age of the fluid is older.

Key words: thermal fluid, hydrochemistry, environmental isotope, formation age, geothermal system

张凌鹏, 丁宏伟, 张家峰, 王玉玺, 田辽西 . 甘肃省地热流体化学及环境同位素特征和形成年龄分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(6): 1496-1504.

ZHANG Ling-peng, DING Hong-wei, ZHANG Jia-feng, WANG Yu-xi, TIAN Liao-xi. Hydrochemistry and environmental isotopic characteristics and formation ages analysis of geothermal fluids in Gansu Province[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(6): 1496-1504.

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甘肃省地热流体化学及环境同位素特征和形成年龄分析

Hydrochemistry and environmental isotopic characteristics and formation ages analysis of geothermal fluids in Gansu Province

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