基于水化学和稳定同位素定量评价巴音河流域地表水与地下水转化关系

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.04.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以分析青海巴音河流域地表水与地下水转化关系为目标，2016年8月，沿巴音河采集了23组地表水样、13组地下水样和9组泉水样，室内分析得到了其对应的主要水化学离子和氘氧稳定同位素数据，运用统计分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs图分析了流域水化学特征；以溶解性总固体（TDS）、氯离子（Cl^-）和氧同位素（δ¹⁸O）作为示踪剂，定性分析了巴音河沿程地表水与地下水的转化关系；基于质量平衡法，运用δ¹⁸O定量计算了巴音河沿程地表水和地下水之间的转化量。研究结果表明：TDS、Cl^-、δ¹⁸O可用于定性分析巴音河流域不同河段地表水与地下水之间的转化关系，定量评估其转换强度；巴音河流域地表水和地下水的水化学类型主要为HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Mg，地下水水化学类型更为多样，地表水受控于岩石风化作用，地下水与泉水受到岩石风化与蒸发作用的影响；地表水与地下水水力联系密切，沿巴音河流向，二者相互转化频繁，上游河段，地下水主要接受地表水渗漏和沿途侧向径流补给，补给比例分别为65.33%、34.67%，至黑石山水库上游，地表水接受上游地下水和溢出泉水的补给，补给比例分别为49.54%、50.46%；中游河段，地下水接受地表水和北部山区侧向径流补给，补给比例分别为65%、35%；下游河段，地表水接受地下水和泉水补给，补给比例分别为53.12%、46.88%。研究结果有助于建立流域水循环模式、揭示水资源形成机制，可以为巴音河流域水资源可持续开发利用和生态环境保护提供理论和技术支持。

关键词: 水化学, 稳定氢氧同位素, 地表与地下水, 转化关系, 巴音河流域

Abstract: Located in the Northeast Tibet Plateau,the Bayin River is the main water resource for industrial and agricultural production,residents daily living and ecological environment in Delingha City of Qinghai Province.With the rapid development of regional and social economy,this area is suffering seriously from the reduction of lake and wetland area,the increase of wasteland,saline-alkali land and sandy land,the decline of regional groundwater level.It is urgent to analyze the relationship between surface water and groundwater for the rational development and utilization of water resources,the treatment of declining groundwater level and the protection of ecological environment.A total of 23 surface water samples,13 groundwater samples and 9 spring water samples along Bayin River Basin were collected in August 2016,the major chemical ions and stable isotopes were analyzed at the laboratory.By using the technique of statistical analysis,the Piper diagram and Gibbs diagram,the paper analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and its formation process of the Bayin River Basin,and qualitatively analyzed the interaction of surface water and groundwater by hydrogeochemical and isotopic methods based on Total Dissolved Solid(TDS),Cl^- and δ¹⁸O.At the same time,the isotope mass balance method was used to calculate quantitative relationship between surface water and groundwater by using δ¹⁸O.The results show that as the tracers,TDS,Cl^- and δ¹⁸O can effectively indicate the exchanging relationship between surface water and groundwater,and quantitatively evaluate their conversion rate.The main hydrochemical types of surface water and groundwater along Bayin River basin was HCO₃·Cl-Ca(·Mg),while the groundwater hydrochemical types was more diverse.The surface water was controlled by rock weathering,the groundwater and spring water were affected by rock weathering and evaporation.The average values of δD and δ¹⁸O for surface water were -58.00 ‰ and -8.87 ‰,respectively,they were between rain water[δD(-50.45‰), δ¹⁸O(-7.50‰)] and groundwater[δD(-59.34‰), δ¹⁸O(-9.24‰)] in the northern mountain area,indicating that precipitation and the groundwater flow were the main recharge source of surface water.Along the flow direction of the Bayin River,the surface water and groundwater have a tight hydraulic connection with each other,they have been transformed many times.In the upper reach,the groundwater was recharged by the river water leakage and its lateral runoff with the ratios being 65.33% and 34.67% respectively.Up to Heishishan reservoir upstream,the river water was recharged by the groundwater of upper reach and spring water with the ratios being 49.54% and 50.46% respectively.In the middle reach,the shallow groundwater was recharged by river water and lateral runoff coming from the mountain area in the north with the ratios being 65% and 35% respectively;in lower reach,the contribution of the shallow groundwater and spring water discharged to the river water were 53.12% and 46.88% respectively.This study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for setting up the basin hydrologic cycle,revealing the formation mechanism of water resources,sustainably developing water resources and protecting ecological environment.

Key words: hydrochemistry, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, surface water and groundwater, exchanging relationship, Bayin River Basin

中图分类号:

P342

文广超, 王文科, 段磊, 顾小凡, 李一鸣, 赵佳辉. 基于水化学和稳定同位素定量评价巴音河流域地表水与地下水转化关系[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(4): 734-743.

WEN Guang-chao, WANG Wen-ke, DUAN Lei, GU Xiao-fan, LI Yi-ming, ZHAO Jia-hui. Quantitatively evaluating exchanging relationship between river water and groundwater in Bayin River Basin of northwest China using hydrochemistry and stable isotope[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(4): 734-743.

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