库尔勒一次强对流大暴雨天气特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用高空、地面观测资料及NCEP和T639资料，对2012年6月4日发生在库尔勒的罕见暴雨进行综合诊断分析，并总结了暴雨过程的中尺度云团及雷达回波特征。发现强降水出现时段集中、雨强大、危害性强，中亚低槽进入南疆盆地并在后部中层冷空气不断侵入，三股气流在库尔勒附近发生绕流辐合，高空急流产生抽气作用，加上山前迎风坡的地形抬升，产生局地强烈上升运动，成为此次强降水的主要原因。同时此次天气雷达回波图上具有明显地“人”字形雷达回波特征；沿“人”字形的一撇一捺中有多个中小尺度对流云团存在，并有短时的气旋式辐合体在中低层发展维持。垂直螺旋度中心的变化对天气系统的演变有好地指示性，其中心位置对强降水落区有很好的指示意义。

关键词: 暴雨, ", 人", 字形雷达回波, 垂直螺旋度, 水汽

Abstract: Using the data of the high and the ground observation and the reanalysis data of NCEP and T639,this paper comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of weather,the conditions of water vapor,the dynamic conditions and the unstable conditions of the rare heavy rain process of Korla City,Xinjiang,China on June 4^th,2012, and the characteristics of the radar echo and the mesoscale cloud of the heavy rain process. Results show that in most southern Xinjiang area,T-T_d was lower than 4℃ before precipitation,and the area was covered by high humidity,which was resulted from the indirectly transported vapor from Bay of Bengal;the index K was greater than 25 in Korla,providing favorable conditions for the convective weather; Central Asia low slotted into the South Xinjiang Basin and cold air intruded in the middle of its back,these three air flows converged around Korla, and produced strong local upward movement with the extraction effect of high altitude jet stream,and the air lifting effect of the windward side of mountain,which was the main original reason of the heavy rain. The intensity of weather radar echo(PPI) on the drawing had obviously "T" shape glyph radar echo; along the line of "T", there were many medium and small scale convective clouds in glyph echo,and had a short cyclonic convergence keep fit in the low-level development;rainstorm center appeared on the edge of satellite cloud,and the change of the intensity was consistent with the strength of the precipitation. The center of the vertical spiral degree had a good indication to the evolution of the weather system and the area of heavy rain fall.

Key words: rainstorm, "T", shaped radar echo, vertical spiral, water vapor

中图分类号:

P458.1⁺21

赵战成. 库尔勒一次强对流大暴雨天气特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(5): 1070-1077.

ZHAO Zhan-cheng. Characteristics of a strong onvective weather and heavy rainstorm in Korla City,Xinjiang[J]. , 2016, 39(5): 1070-1077.

参考文献

[1] 许东蓓,刘抗,孟丽霞等."8.12"甘肃大暴雨特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理,2013,36(2):245-252.[XU Dongpei,LIU Kang, MENG Lixia,et al. Characteristics of heavy rainfall occurred on 12 august 2010 in Gansu,China[J]. Arid Land Geography,2013, 36(2):245-252.]

[2] 陈豫英,冯建民,陈楠,等. 西北地区东部可利用降水的时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理,2012,35(1):56-66.[CHEN Yuying, FENG Jianmin,CHEN Nan,et al. Spatio-temporal variation characteristic of the utilizable precipitation in eastern part of Northwest China[J]. Arid Land Geography,2012,35(1):56-66.]

[3] 张俊兰,张莉. 一次天山翻山大风天气的诊断分析及预报[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象,2011,(1):15-17.[ZHANG Junlan,ZHANG Li. Diagnostic analysis and forecast of a strong windy weather across Tianshan Mountains[J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2011,(1):15-17.]

[4] 冯强,陶诗言,王昂生,等. 暴雨洪涝灾害对社会经济和人民生活的影响分析[J]. 灾害学,2001,16(3):44-50.[FENG Qiang, TAO Siyan,WANG Angsheng,et al. Heavy rains flood impact analysis of the social economy and people's life[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2001,16(3):44-50.]

[5] 孟英杰,李丽平,王珊珊,等. 中尺度暴雨过程中地形抬升作用分析[J]. 安徽农业科学,2010,(12):60-65.[MENG Yingjie, LI Liping,WANG Shanshan,et al. The terrain lifting effect analysis in the process of mesoscale heavy rain[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,(12):60-65.]

[6] 岳彩军. 我国螺旋度的研究及应用[J]. 高原气象,2006,(4):754-761.[YUE Caijun. Research and application on helicity in china[J]. Plateau Meteorology,2006,(4):754-761.]

[7] 杨晓霞. 螺旋度在暴雨天气分析与预报中的应用[J]. 南京气象学院学报,1997,20(4):499-504.[YANG Xiaoxia. Spiral degrees in the application of the heavy rain the weather analysis and forecasting[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 1997,20(4):499-504.]

[8] 江敦双. 青岛市初夏一次暴雨过程的螺旋度分析[J]. 海岸工程,2001,20(3):69-72.[JIANG Dunshuang. Qingdao summer spiral degree analysis of the heavy rain process at a time[J]. Coastal Engineering,2001,20(3):69-72.]

[9] 陆慧娟,高守亭. 螺旋度及螺旋度方程的讨论[J]. 气象学报, 2003,(6):684-690.[LU Huijuan,GAO Shouting. On the Helicity and the Helicity Equation[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2003,(6):684-690.]

[10] 吴宝俊. 一次三峡大暴雨的地转螺旋度分析[J]. 气象科学, 1996,16(2):144-150.[WU Baojun. One of the Three Gorges cloudburst geostrophic spiral degree analysis[J]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,1996,16,(2):144-150.]

[11] 许美玲. 云南初夏罕见暴雨的螺旋度分析[J]. 热带气象学报, 2003,19(2):184-190.[XU Meiling. Early summer in Yunnan rare rainstorm spiral degree analysis[J]. Journal of Tropical Weather,2003,19(2):184-190.]

[12] 晋建设. 2007年7月12-15日河南省大暴雨天气诊断分析[J]. 气象与环境科学,2010,(4):65-69.[JIN Jianshe. Diagnostic analysis of heavy rainstorm in Henan Province from 12 to 15 july 2007[J]. Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2010, (4):65-69.]

[13] 孙兰东,徐建芬. 西北地区东部三次暴雨天气的螺旋度分析[J]. 干旱气象,2000,43(4):20-23.[SUN Landong,XU Jianfen. The spiral of the three heavy rain in the east of northwest China degree analysis[J]. Journal of arid meteorology,2000,43(4):20-23.]

[14] 方建刚,白爱娟. 陕西春季干旱与多雨的环流特征对比分析[J]. 干旱区地理,2010,33(3):363-369.[FANG Jiangang,BAI Aijuan. Atmospheric circulation during the spring drought and rainy years in Shaanxi Province[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2010,33(3):363-369.]

[15] 曹玲,刘明春,郭小芹,等. 河西走廊春季透雨日期的变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理,2011,34(3):436-441.[CAO Ling,LIU Mingchun, GUO Xiaoqin,et al. Climatic characteristics of spring soaking rain date in Hexi Corridor[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2011,34(3):436-441.]

[16] 周顺武,王传辉,吴萍,等. 青藏高原强降水日数的时空分布特征[J]. 干旱区地理,2012,35(1):23-31.[ZHOU Shunwu, WANG Chuanhui,WU Ping,et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of strong precipitation days over the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Arid Land Geography,2012,35(1):23-31.]

[17] 包云,李晓兵,黄玲梅,等. 1961-2007年内蒙古降水时空分布[J]. 干旱区地理,2011,34(1):52-61.[BAO Yun,LI XiaoBing, HUANG LingMei,et al. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation in Inner Mongolia from 1961-2007[J]. Arid Land Geography,2011,34(1):52-61.]