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干旱区地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 923-933.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.05

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于微波辐射计的宁夏六盘山西侧大气水汽变化特征

林彤1,2,3(),桑建人1,2,3(),姚展予2,4,舒志亮1,2,3,田磊1,2,3,曹宁1,2,3,常倬林1,2,3   

  1. 1.中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750002
    2.中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室,北京 100081
    3.宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750002
    4.中国气象科学研究院,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-10 修回日期:2020-09-28 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-08-02
  • 通讯作者: 桑建人
  • 作者简介:林彤（1993-）,女,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事人工影响天气及大气物理方面研究. E-mail: lintong0213@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    西北区域人影建设研究试验项目(RYSY201904);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41775139);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03469);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2019AAC03255)

Statistical analysis of water vapor change characteristics over the west valley of Liupan Mountain area based on microwave radiometer

LIN Tong1,2,3(),SANG Jianren1,2,3(),YAO Zhanyu2,4,SHU Zhiliang1,2,3,TIAN Lei1,2,3,CAO Ning1,2,3,CHANG Zhuolin1,2,3   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions, China Meteorological Administration, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
    2. Key Laboratory for Cloud of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
    3. Ningxia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
    4. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2020-06-10 Revised:2020-09-28 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-02
  • Contact: Jianren SANG

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摘要：

采用隆德气象站2 a德制微波辐射计与同期1 h降水量资料,利用统计法分析了六盘山脉西侧大气水汽含量以及云液态水含量的时间分布特征,并分析了92次不同降水性质、不同降水量级的降水个例,得到降水前跃增时间的变化特征。剔除降水背景结果统计表明：（1） 六盘山西侧大气水汽含量和云液态水含量有明显的季节变化,其中夏季是大气水汽含量最多的季节,平均为23.44 mm,占年均水汽含量的47.7%。（2） 大气水汽含量和云液态水含量日变化呈一谷一峰分布,春、夏、秋三季均在午后出现最大峰值,冬季在11:00出现峰值;大气水汽含量低值区春、夏、秋季出现在日出前后,冬季出现在22:00。（3） 87.0%的降水个例在降水发生之前大气水汽含量都在12.00 mm以上,且其值随着降水的量级增大而增大。（4） 降水前云液态水含量发生明显跃增现象,春、夏季表现强,根据降水性质及降水量级不同,降水前跃增时间也不同。研究结论对把握人影作业时机具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 微波辐射计, 大气水汽含量, 云液态水含量, 六盘山

Abstract:

The climate in the Liupan Mountain area, northwest China changes from south to north (from a semihumid zone to a semiarid zone to an arid zone) and has the characteristics of both a continental and a marine monsoon edge climate. As an important water conservation area of the Loess Plateau, the Liupan Mountain area is relatively rich in water vapor, and because of the uplift of the terrain, topographic clouds often form around the mountains, producing precipitation. Thus, the development and utilization of the mountains as air resources and artificial increase in the precipitation in this mountainous area have become key figure assignments in the region. To develop the atmospheric water resources over the Liupan Mountain area using precipitation enhancement techniques, it is necessary to first understand the atmospheric water vapor field in the region and characteristics of the liquid water content in the clouds that produce precipitation. To date, however, there has been little research undertaken in this area. In this paper, data collected between 2018 and 2019 by a microwave radiometer (RPG-HATPRO-G4, RPG for short) situated at the Longde National meteorological station in the west valley of the Liupan Mountain area (in the southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China) were used to explore the characteristics of the changes on the atmospheric water vapor content [RPG integrated water vapor (IWV)] and the cloud liquid water content [RPG liquid water path (LWP)] seen over time in the west valley of the Liupan Mountain area, with statistical analysis methods conducted on 92 precipitation events of varying natures and precipitation levels. One significant characteristic of the results obtained is the curves seen in the LWPs; the LWPs jumped before raining on the ground in the in situ observations, and 87.0% of all precipitation events had an IWV value of more than 12 mm before raining; this IWV value increased with the amount of precipitation. The results also show that this jumping phenomenon was stronger in spring and summer than in autumn and winter and that the advanced time seen in different precipitation events changed with the varying natures and levels of precipitation. The IWV and LWP values also changed significantly according to the season. The maximum levels were always seen in summer, reaching 23.44 mm, which accounts for 47.7% of the annual average. Additionally, the diurnal variations show that the IWV and LWP curves include one valley and one peak; this peak came shortly after midday Beijing time in spring, summer, and autumn, but at 22:00 in winter. These preliminary findings are provided as a technical reference in the prediction of the proximity of precipitation and whether a cloud system is in its precipitation generation stage. The results of this paper are of greatest importance in the provision of a theoretical basis and technical support for the timing of weather modification operations. However, as a practical matter, it is necessary to further inspect the index using other meteorological observation instruments.

Key words: microwave radiometer, atmospheric water vapor content, cloud liquid water content, Liupan Mountain area