民勤4种沙生灌木的干旱胁迫响应特征研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过分析甘肃民勤地区梭梭、白刺、胡枝子和毛条等4种沙生灌木在干旱胁迫下的生理生态响应特征，综合评价了白刺、梭梭、毛条和胡枝子的抗旱能力。结果表明：在重度干旱胁迫下，胡枝子总生长量下降了79.95%，白刺下降幅度最小；随干旱胁迫的加重和胁迫时间的延长，4种灌木叶片相对含水量、叶片持水力均不同程度下降；4种灌木叶片中的渗透调节物质在干旱胁迫下均表现出先增长后降低的变化趋势，与其抗旱性密切相关；SOD、POD、CAT等3种抗氧化酶在梭梭、毛条和胡枝子等3种灌木中表现出先增长后下降的变化趋势，在白刺叶片中表现出持续增长的趋势。运用隶属函数法对16种抗旱指标综合评价的结果显示，4种灌木的抗旱能力由强到弱依次为：白刺 > 梭梭 > 毛条 > 胡枝子。

关键词: 灌木, 干旱胁迫, 抗旱性, 民勤

Abstract: Drought is one of the most serious environmental factors which affect shrubs growth and limiting shrubs production,even can cause the plant to irreversible injury or even death. Minqin County is located at the eastern section of east Hexi Corridor,Gansu Province,China. It is one of the most arid regions in China for its east,west,and north was surrounded by Tengger Desert and Badain Jaran Desert. Desert shrubs are the most adaptable plant and play an important role in ecological construction of Minqin because of the actions on soil conservation and soil improvement,such as masking the surface,holding the soil,reducing evaporation,increases organic matter,improve soil structure. In this paper,four shrubs Lespedeza bicolor,Nitraria tangutorum,Haloxylon ammodendron and Caragana Korshinskii,have been selected to study their physiological response properties and ecological principle under drought conditions. And drought resistance of these shrubs has been evaluated with a view to Minqin artificial vegetation construction,restoration of ecology and environment and development of grassland animal husbandry. The main results are as follows:Severe drought stress significantly affected the growth of four kinds of shrub,total growth of Lespedeza bicolor in 15 days decreased from 36.31 mm to 7.28 mm (P<0.01). Leaf area of Haloxylon ammodendron,respectively 0.82 times and 0.66 times of the controls,was the smallest decline in four shrubs under moderate and severe drought stress,while leaf area of Lespedeza bicolor decreased to half the level of control. Relative water content of Lespedeza bicolor was also decreased by 9.20% and 38.33%(P<0.05). Cell membrane permeability of Nitraria tangutorum and Haloxylon ammodendron were increased slightly to 1.98 and 2.01,while that of Lespedeza bicolor and Caragana korshinskii were increased to 6.9 and 6.67(P<0.05) under severe drought stress. Osmotic adjustment substance such as proline and soluble sugar in the leaves of four shrubs showed different degrees of growth trend under different drought stress. According to the results of drought resistance evaluation using fuzzy membership function in 4 shrubs were as below:Nitraria tangutorum > Haloxylon ammodendron > Caragana korshinskii > Lespedeza bicolor.

Key words: shrub, water stress, drought resistance, Minqin

中图分类号:

Q945.79

王晓武, 罗宁, 单华佳, 王晓飞. 民勤4种沙生灌木的干旱胁迫响应特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(5): 1025-1035.

WANG Xiao-Wu, LUO Ning, SHAN Hua-Jia, WANG Xiao-Fei. Responses characteristics of 4 desert shrubs in Minqin under drought stress[J]. , 2016, 39(5): 1025-1035.

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