1985-2016年民勤地下水位及储变量动态特征分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.05.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

民勤地处两大沙漠之间,近几十年地下水位持续下降,水资源严重短缺。为正确指导当地地下水合理开发利用和生态恢复,剖析多年来的地下水开发利用过程和地下水动态变化特征尤为重要。在收集并分析了138眼监测井水位数据的基础上,划定出民勤县地下水动态类型分区,并利用克里金插值法绘制了民勤盆地1985-2016年逐年地下水流场和水位变幅图,采用网格法计算出地下水多年储变量。同时,探究了民勤盆地地下水位的影响因素,得到回归方程并估算地下水可开采量。结果表明：（1）民勤县地下水位动态类型可划分为开采型、灌溉入渗-开采型、河流入渗-开采型和径流型。（2）民勤盆地地下水位多年来整体下降,其中灌区下降明显,最大降幅为22 m,沙漠区略有下降,地下水多年累计亏损24.45×10⁸ m³。（3）石羊河综合治理后水位下降明显减缓并出现局部回升,部分年份储变量为正。（4）明确地下水动态主要影响因素为开采量和地表引水量。将地下水量变化过程划分为迅速下降期（1985-2000年）、稳定下降期（2001-2006年）、治理期（2007-2009年）和平稳/上升期（2010-2016年）。（5）在现状地表供水情况下红崖山灌区地下水可开采量约0.61×10⁸ m³·d^-1。

关键词: 地下水位动态, 地下水储变量, 影响因素, 民勤

Abstract:

The Minqin County, Gansu Province is located between two large deserts (the Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert) of northern China. In recent decades, the groundwater level in Minqin has continued to decline, and water resources are severely in short supply. Accordingly, analyzing the process of groundwater development and utilization over the years, as well as the dynamic characteristics of groundwater changes, is particularly important in correctly guiding the rational development and utilization of local groundwater and ecological restoration. Based on the collection and analysis of 138 water level data, this study delineated the groundwater dynamic types of Minqin County and used the Kriging interpolation method to plot year-by-year the groundwater flow field and the water level changes in the Minqin Basin from 1985 to 2016. The grid method was utilized to calculate the multi-year storage variables of groundwater. The influencing factors of the groundwater level in the Minqin Basin were explored; a regression equation was obtained; and the recoverable amount of groundwater was estimated. The results are presented herein. First, the groundwater level in Minqin can be divided into four dynamic types, that is, mining, irrigation infiltration-exploitation, river infiltration-exploitation, and runoff. Second, the overall groundwater level dropped over the years. The irrigation area significantly dropped, with a maximum drop of 22 m. The desert area also slightly dropped. The groundwater suffered a cumulative loss of 24.45×10⁸ m³ over the years. Third, after the comprehensive treatment of the Shiyang River, the water level decline significantly slowed down, and a partial rise was observed. The storage variables were positive in some years. Fourth, the main influencing factors of the groundwater dynamics are extraction volume and surface water diversion volume. The groundwater volume change process is divided into a rapid decline period (1985-2000), a stable decline period (2001-2006), a treatment period (2007-2009), and a steady/increasing period (2010-2016). Lastly, under the current surface water supply, the groundwater recoverable volume in Hongyashan Irrigation District is approximately 0.61×10⁸ m·a^-1.

Key words: groundwater level dynamics, groundwater storage variables, influencing factors, Minqin

魏士禹,郭云彤,崔亚莉,张秋兰,邵景力. 1985-2016年民勤地下水位及储变量动态特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(5): 1272-1280.

WEI Shiyu,GUO Yuntong,CUI Yali,ZHANG Qiulan,SHAO Jingli. Dynamic characteristics of groundwater level and storage variables in Minqin from 1985 to 2016[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(5): 1272-1280.

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动态区	面积/km²	储变量/10⁸m³·a^-1	储变量模数/10⁴m³·km²·a^-1	开采量/10⁸m³·a^-1	开采模数/10⁵m³·km²·a^-1
灌溉入渗-开采型	1502.3	-0.43	-2.86	2.65	1.76
径流型	3183.2	-0.33	-1.04	0	0
合计	4685.5	-0.76		2.65