祁连山西水林区亚高山灌丛水文功能的综合评价

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在祁连山西水林区排露沟小流域,与2014 年生长季(5~9 月)测定5 种主要灌丛的冠层、枯枝落叶层、土壤层的多种水文作用,并在此进行了综合评价.结果表明:各灌丛类型的水文作用差别明显,冠层截留率变化在24.54%~52.95%,从大到小依次为鲜黄小檗 >吉拉柳 >金露梅 >箭叶锦鸡儿 >甘青锦鸡儿;枯落物层的最大持水量变化在50.40~152.50 t·hm^-2,有效持水量变化在37.47~96.66 t·hm^-2,其中吉拉柳的最大,甘青锦鸡儿最小;0~60 cm土壤层的孔隙度、持水量、入渗速率等水文特性随灌丛样地所处海拔降低而减小,依次为吉拉柳 >箭叶锦鸡儿 >金露梅 >鲜黄小檗 >甘青锦鸡儿;不同灌丛的生长季径流量变化在12.60~143.93 mm,径流系数变化在3.16%~26.62%,从大到小依次为吉拉柳 >箭叶锦鸡儿 >金露梅 >甘青锦鸡儿 >鲜黄小檗;由于地表覆盖度较好,土壤侵蚀量均很低,但仍有灌丛类型的明显差别,变化在2.46~19.15 kg·hm^-2,从小到大依次为吉拉柳>箭叶锦鸡儿>鲜黄小檗>金露梅>甘青锦鸡儿.从各种水文作用的综合评价来看,由大到小依次为吉拉柳 >箭叶锦鸡儿 >鲜黄小檗 >金露梅 >甘青锦鸡儿.研究结果对深入认识和全面评价祁连山区灌丛的水文作用及科学指导当地的植被建设和水资源管理提供了科学依据.

关键词: 祁连山, 灌丛, 水文功能, 综合评价

Abstract: A comprehensive assessment of the hydrological impacts of the main shrub types were carried out in the small watershed of Pailugou,Xishui Forest Area of Qilan Mountains,Gansu Province,China based on the measurement of numerous parameters related with the hydrological functions of the canopy,litter and root zone soil of five shrub types in the growing season of 2014(May-September). It showed that there was an obvious difference in the hydrological function among the five shrub types. The canopy interception ratio varied in the range of 24.54%-52.95%,with a decreasing order of Berberis diaphana > Salix cupularis S. oritrepha > Dasiphora fruticosa > Caragana jubata > Caragana stenphylla;the water holding capacity of litter varied in the range of 50.40-152.50 t·hm^-2,and the effective water holding capacity of litter varied in the range of 37.47-96.66 t· hm^-2,with the highest at the plot of Salix cupularis S. oritrepha and the lowest at the plot of Caragana stenphylla. The soil physical properties(porosity,water holding capacity and infiltration rate,etc.)of the 0-60 cm soil layer decreased with the elevation where the shrub plot located,in the order of Salix cupularis S. oritrepha > Caragana jubata > Dasiphora fruticosa > Berberis diaphana > Caragana stenphylla. The total runoff and the runoff ratio from the shrub plots in the growing season varied in the range of 12.60-143.93 mm and 3.16%-26.62%,with the decreasing order of Salix cupularis S. oritrepha > Caragana jubata > Dasiphora fruticosa > Caragana stenphylla > Berberis diaphana. Because of the high soil surface coverage,the soil erosion at each shrub plot was very low, but it still showed a difference among the five shrub types,with the variation range of 2.46-19.15 kg·hm^-2 and the decreasing order of Salix cupularis S. oritrepha > Caragana jubata > Berberis diaphana > Dasiphora fruticosa > Caragana stenphylla. The comprehensive hydrological impacts of the five shrub types decreased in the order of Salix cupularis S. oritrepha > Caragana jubata > Berberis diaphana > Dasiphora fruticosa > Caragana stenphylla. This paper could provide the theoretical basis to recognize and evaluate the hydrological functions of shrubs and to guide the vegetation restoration and water resources management in the region of Qilian Mountains.

Key words: Qilian Mountains, shrubs, hydrological impacts, comprehensive assessment

中图分类号:

S715

刘贤德, 张学龙, 赵维俊, 车宗玺, 杨逍虎, 苗毓鑫, 张克海. 祁连山西水林区亚高山灌丛水文功能的综合评价[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(1): 86-94.

LIU Xian-de, ZHANG Xue-long, ZHAO Wei-jun, CHE Zong-xi, YANG Xiao-hu, MIAO Yu-xin, ZHANG Ke-hai. Comprehensive assessment of hydrological impacts of sub-alpine shrubs in Xishui Forest Area of Qilian Mountains[J]. , 2016, 39(1): 86-94.

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