新疆图开沙漠灌丛沙堆和抛物线形沙丘表层沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沉积物粒度特征是分析粒度组成演变过程、判别沉积环境的重要参考。对新疆图开沙漠灌丛沙堆及抛物线形沙丘表层沉积物粒级级配、粒度参数进行了系统分析,并利用Sahu经验模型判断了沉积环境。结果表明：（1）灌丛沙堆及抛物线形沙丘表层沉积物偏粗,主要由极细砂、细砂、中砂、粗砂组成。（2）各粒级在不同地貌部位分布存在差异,表层沉积物粒度由迎风坡向背风坡沙粒趋向于细化,由坡底到坡顶沙粒趋于细化。（3）不同地貌部位之间粒度参数呈现不同变化趋势,且粒度参数之间有相关性,平均粒径与分选系数、偏度、峰态之间的相关性不大,而分选系数、偏度、峰态之间呈现显著的相关性。（4）沉积物形成环境主要为风成环境及浊流环境。

关键词: 图开沙漠, 灌丛沙堆, 抛物线形沙丘, 粒度特征, 沉积环境

Abstract:

Sediment grain size characteristics are of great significance in distinguishing aeolian landforms and sedimentary environments, determining transportation methods and dynamic conditions, controlling dune landforms, and restoring paleoclimate changes. This paper investigates the surface sediments in the nebkhas and parabolic dunes of the Tukai Desert, Xinjiang, China, analyzes the characteristics of grain size gradation and grain size parameters through mathematical statistics, and discusses the characteristics of sand dune grain size using the Sahu formula. Knowledge of the grain size characteristics of sediments can help to identify the material sources of desert sediments, explore the regularities of wind-sand flow, and enrich understanding of wind-sand activities. The results of this study indicate that the surface sediments of the nebkhas and parabolic dunes of the Tukai Desert are relatively coarse, being mainly composed of extremely fine sand, fine sand, medium sand, and coarse sand. The surface sediments of the nebkhas are also coarser than those of parabolic dunes. Furthermore, there are differences in the distribution of granules among the different landscapes. In the parabolic dunes, the content of fine sand and extremely fine sand are highest in the southern wing tail, whereas medium sand is most common in the north wing tail. On top of the nebkhas, the content of medium sand and fine sand is the highest, whereas the percentages of extremely fine sand and coarse sand are the highest at the bottom of the windward slopes. From windward slopes to the leeward slopes, the grain size characteristics of the surface sediments of the nebkhas and parabolic dunes tend to be associated with fine sand. The sand grains also tend to be fine from the bottom to the top of the slopes. The average grain size of the surface sediments of the parabolic dunes is greater than that of the surface sediments of the nebkhas, with the average values being 2.17 Ф and 1.89 Ф, respectively. The separation coefficients of the sand on the surface of parabolic dunes and nebkhas were similar, with the average values being 0.65 Φ and 0.64 Φ, respectively, belonging to the medium preference. The surface sediment skewness of both the parabolic dunes and nebkhas is 0.06 Φ, a nearly symmetrical distribution. The kurtosis values of the parabolic dunes and nebkhas were found to be 1.03 Φ and 0.99 Φ, respectively, belonging to medium peaks. A correlation was also found between the particle size parameters of the nebkhas and parabolic dunes. The average particle size has little correlation with the sorting coefficient, skewness, and kurtosis. However, there is a significant correlation between the sorting coefficient, skewness, and kurtosis. According to the Sahu discriminant formula, it was calculated that the Tukai Desert has a complex sedimentary environment, with the sediment formation environment being mainly aeolian and turbid. Distinctions in sand source, topography, wind dynamic conditions, and sand field characteristics, among other factors, contribute to the differences in the grain size characteristics of the surface sand materials of the sand piles of the Tukai Desert parabolic dunes and nebkhas, which have an impact on the desert sedimentary environment.

Key words: Tukai Desert, nebkhas, parabolic dunes, grain size characteristics, sedimentary environment

王佩,马倩,朱元璞,曾燚. 新疆图开沙漠灌丛沙堆和抛物线形沙丘表层沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(6): 1644-1653.

WANG Pei,MA Qian,ZHU Yuanpu,ZENG Yi. Grain size characteristics and sedimentary environment of surface sediments from nebkhas and parabolic dunes in the Tukai Desert, Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1644-1653.

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采样部位	参数	平均粒径（M_Z）	分选系数（σ₁）	偏度（SK₁）	峰态（K_G）
迎风坡底	平均值	1.83	0.70	0.07	1.00
	最大值	2.17	0.79	0.14	1.09
	最小值	1.43	0.58	0.04	0.95
	标准偏差	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.05
迎风坡中	平均值	1.89	0.64	0.06	1.00
	最大值	2.05	0.83	0.19	1.24
	最小值	1.77	0.53	0.01	0.94
	标准偏差	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.10
顶部	平均值	1.87	0.58	0.04	0.97
	最大值	2.10	0.66	0.07	0.99
	最小值	1.43	0.51	0.01	0.95
	标准偏差	0.21	0.05	0.02	0.01
背风坡中	平均值	1.91	0.62	0.05	0.97
	最大值	2.16	0.72	0.13	1.06
	最小值	1.68	0.53	0.01	0.93
	标准偏差	0.14	0.07	0.04	0.04
背风坡底	平均值	1.95	0.64	0.06	0.98
	最大值	2.14	0.71	0.12	1.05
	最小值	1.69	0.57	0.01	0.94
	标准偏差	0.17	0.06	0.03	0.03

采样部位	参数	平均粒径（M_Z）	分选系数（σ₁）	偏度（SK₁）	峰态（K_G）
迎风坡底	平均值	2.09	0.71	0.02	1.01
	最大值	2.52	0.79	0.10	1.14
	最小值	1.76	0.63	-0.08	0.95
	标准偏差	0.25	0.05	0.07	0.06
迎风坡中	平均值	2.20	0.62	0.03	0.97
	最大值	2.48	0.67	0.06	1.01
	最小值	1.91	0.56	0.01	0.94
	标准偏差	0.19	0.03	0.02	0.02
顶部	平均值	2.12	0.66	0.09	1.17
	最大值	2.32	1.16	0.41	2.57
	最小值	1.47	0.54	0.01	0.94
	标准偏差	0.29	0.21	0.13	0.57
背风坡中	平均值	2.25	0.69	0.10	1.15
	最大值	2.41	1.12	0.41	2.27
	最小值	2.00	0.58	0.00	0.94
	标准偏差	0.15	0.19	0.13	0.46
背风坡底	平均值	2.16	0.62	0.05	0.98
	最大值	2.40	0.74	0.09	1.05
	最小值	1.75	0.54	0.01	0.94
	标准偏差	0.21	0.06	0.02	0.03
北翼中	平均值	2.20	0.60	0.05	0.98
	最大值	2.55	0.70	0.12	1.06
	最小值	1.88	0.55	0.01	0.93
	标准偏差	0.30	0.06	0.05	0.05
北翼尾	平均值	2.03	0.66	0.04	0.97
	最大值	2.19	0.77	0.07	0.99
	最小值	1.94	0.57	0.01	0.94
	标准偏差	0.10	0.08	0.02	0.02
南翼中	平均值	2.21	0.66	0.05	1.00
	最大值	2.52	0.72	0.13	1.07
	最小值	1.95	0.60	-0.02	0.96
	标准偏差	0.23	0.05	0.05	0.04
南翼尾	平均值	2.33	0.65	0.06	0.99
	最大值	2.54	0.75	0.12	1.06
	最小值	2.17	0.59	0.03	0.97
	标准偏差	0.15	0.07	0.04	0.04

沙丘类型	指标	平均粒径（M_Z）	分选系数（σ₁）	偏度（SK₁）	峰态（K_G）
灌丛沙堆	平均粒径	1.000
	分选系数	0.092	1.000
	偏度	0.030	0.773^**	1.000
	峰态	0.089	0.711^**	0.921^**	1.000
抛物线形沙丘	平均粒径	1.000
	分选系数	0.080	1.000
	偏度	0.328^*	0.798^**	1.000
	峰态	0.176	0.855^**	0.883^**	1.000