疏勒河中游绿洲天然植被生态需水量估算与预测研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以疏勒河流域中游绿洲为研究区,借助统计分析法、遥感和GIS 技术方法对2013 年疏勒河中游绿洲遥感影像土地利用覆盖变化进行解译与分析,得出各种天然植被覆盖状况数据,利用典型的潜水蒸发模型—阿维里扬诺夫公式对研究区内各县区的天然植被生态需水量进行了估算,并对未来天然植被面积和生态需水量进行了预测,为区域生态环境保护与水资源合理分配提供参考.结果表明:疏勒河中游绿洲现状天然植被最小生态需水量为18 768.97×10⁴ m³,最大生态需水量为46 643.04×10⁴ m³,其中,天然林地生态需水量为1 187.71×10⁴~2 898.72×10⁴ m³,天然草地生态需水量为17 581.27×10⁴~43 744.32×10⁴ m³,瓜州天然植被生态需水量为9 685.06×10⁴~23 392.09×10⁴ m³,玉门天然植被生态需水量6 552.11×10⁴~17 133.45×10⁴ m³,敦煌天然植被生态需水量为2 531.80×10⁴~6 117.50×10⁴ m³.2020 年疏勒河中游绿洲天然植被生态需水量预测为20 655.96×104~66 614.75×10⁴ m³,其中,天然林地生态需水量为1 316.57×10⁴~3 855.91×10⁴ m³,天然草地生态需水量为19 339.39×10⁴~62 758.84×10⁴ m³;2030 年疏勒河中游绿洲天然植被生态需水量预测为22 721.55×10⁴~85 58⁴.09×10⁴ m³,其中,天然林地生态需水量为1 448.22×10⁴~4 970.08×10⁴ m³,天然草地生态需水量为21 273.33×10⁴~80 614.01×10⁴ m³.研究结果对促进疏勒河流域生态水权研究、水量分配以及区域生态保护、水资源合理配置与经济社会协调可持续发展具有重要参考意义.指出未来应进一步加强人类活动影响下区域天然植被需水规律研究、不同生态功能区植被生态需水规律以及基于生态保护目标的区域生态需水量及阈值研究.

关键词: 疏勒河中游, 绿洲, 天然植被, 生态需水

Abstract: The vegetation ecological water requirement has become an essential reference for making reasonable allocation and management of water resources and guiding the ecological construction and vegetation restoration in arid regions. The oasis in middle reaches of Shule River Basin,which is the society,economy and human activity central zone of Shule River Basin,is facing serious ecological and environmental problems and water crisis because of the effects of human activity and climate change. Ensuring the ecological water use is the fundamental measure for protecting the environment. Based on the above-mentioned problems,this paper is aimed at calculating the ecological water requirement of natural vegetation at present and in the future,and provides references for rational allocation of water resource and eco-environmental protection in the study area. Based on the statistical analyses method,remote sensing and GIS technology,and applying the typical phreatic water evaporation model (veriyanov),this paper examined the change in coverage of land use and vegetation coverage in the middle reaches oasis of Shule River Basin,calculated the natural vegetation ecological water requirements of each county,and made prediction of the ecological water requirement in the future according to the key management program of Dunhuang water resources reasonable utilization and ecological protection. The results showed that the ecological water requirement of oasis natural vegetation in the middle reaches of Shule River Basin ranged from 18 768.97× 10⁴ m³ to 46 643.04×10⁴ m³. Therein,the ecological water requirement of natural forest land was from 1 187.71× 10⁴ to 2 898.72×10⁴ m³,and natural grassland was from 17 581.27×10⁴ to 43 744.32×10⁴ m³ in 2013. Ecological water requirement of natural vegetation of Guazhou County,Yumen City,and Dunhuang City in 2013 ranged from 9 685.06×10⁴ to 23 392.09×10⁴ m³,6 552.11×10⁴ to 17 133.45×10⁴ m³,and 2 531.80×10⁴ to 6 117.50×10⁴ m³, respectively. It was predicted that the ecological water requirement of natural vegetation in the oasis of middle reaches of Shule River Basin in 2020 would range from 20 655.96×10⁴ to 66 614.75×10⁴ m³,and from 1 316.57×10⁴ to 3 855.91×10⁴ m³ of natural forest land,from 19 339.39×10⁴ to 62 758.84×10⁴ m³ of natural grassland. The ecological water requirement would range from 22 721.55×10⁴ to 85 584.09×10⁴ m³ in 2030,and from 1 448.22×10⁴ to 4 970.08×10⁴ m³ of natural forest land,from 21 273.33×10⁴ to 80 614.01×10⁴ m³ of natural grassland. The results have important referential significance to promote research on ecological water right,allocation of water quantity,ecological protection,reasonable configuration of water resources and coordinated and sustainable development of eco-society in Shule River Basin. Under the influence of human activities,the study of vegetation water requirement law in different ecological function areas,regional ecological water demand and the threshold should be further strengthened in the future in arid inland river basin.

Key words: the middle reaches of Shule River Basin, oasis, natural vegetation, ecological water requirement

中图分类号:

TV213.4

孙栋元, 胡想全, 金彦兆, 张云亮, 李元红. 疏勒河中游绿洲天然植被生态需水量估算与预测研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(1): 154-161.

SUN Dong-yuan, HU Xiang-quan, JIN Yan-zhao, ZHANG Yun-liang, LI Yuan-hong. Prediction and evaluation of ecological water requirement of natural vegetation in the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe River Basin[J]. , 2016, 39(1): 154-161.

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