关键词: 新疆, 宏观生态, 空间分异, 变化

Abstract: As the largest province and a region with the largest area of desert in China, Xinjiang has the spatially varied environment and ecological characteristics. This paper discusses the spatial differentiation and variety of themacro ecology in Xinjiang - The study indicates that the land area of desertification and no desertification are al-most equally, but the spatial distribution varies dramatically. The area of desertification land is only 1/3 of thetotal area of north Xinjiang, the macro ecology is relatively stable. The desertification land occupies more than 2/3 of the total area of east Xinjiang, the macro ecology there is severer. 'The area of desertification land is equalto the area of no-desertification land in south Xinjiang, and the macro ecology is unst able. Desertification land, water bodies and oases are the main ecological types in Xinjiang. The trend of desertification is slowing down innorth Xinjiang since 1990;, but it is still developing in south Xinjiang. Since the area of shrunken natural lakesand manmade reservoirs is almost equal in Xinjiang in the recent 50 years, the variety of water bodies expressesas spatial displacement bet ween the natural lake and man made reservoirs. The variety of oases shows as the decrease of area of the natural oases and increase of the area of manmade oases. The ratio between the area of natural and man made oases has reduced from 5'l to about l' l in north Xinjiang and from 6'1 to 3:l in south Xinjiang since recent 50 years. The decrease of the area of natural oases is the symbol and result of negative changeof the eology for parts of Xinjiang - T'he study also indicates that the main force causing the macro ecological dis-tinctions in Xinjiang comes from the nature, and the most important factor is the dfferences of precipitation invarious regions.

Key words: Xinjiang, macro ecology, spatial differentiation and variety